Abstract: A computer-implemented method of reducing scatter in an X-ray projection image of an object comprises: generating an initial X-ray projection image with an imaging beam and an X-ray detector; based on a first position in a detector array of the X-ray detector, selecting a first kernel for convolution of a first portion of the initial projection image, wherein the first position corresponds to the first portion of the initial projection image; based on a second position in the detector array of the X-ray detector, selecting a second kernel for convolution of a second portion of the initial projection image, wherein the second position corresponds to the second portion of the initial projection image; convolving the first portion with the first kernel and the second portion with the second kernel to generate a scatter component of the initial X-ray projection image; and generating a corrected X-ray projection image by removing the scatter component from the initial X-ray projection image.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of reducing scatter in an X-ray projection image of an object, the method comprising: generating an initial X-ray projection image of an object with an imaging beam produced by an imaging system; based on a first transmission indicator for the object and on a second transmission indicator for at least one element of the imaging system, selecting a kernel for convolution of the initial projection image; convolving the initial X-ray projection image with the kernel to generate a scatter component of the initial X-ray projection image; and generating a corrected X-ray projection image by removing the scatter component from the initial X-ray projection image.

Abstract: Modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided, whereby plastic surfaces that are intended for use under tribological conditions have substantially improved assembly properties and/or sliding friction properties and exhibit a very low degree of wear. Accordingly, modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided in which modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders are present at the surface of plastics that comprise olefinically unsaturated double bonds at least at the surface such that the modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders are chemically covalently bonded via a radical coupling of the olefinically unsaturated double bonds with perfluoropolymer (peroxy) radicals of the modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders after a reactive conversion under mechanical stress at room temperature.

Abstract: Modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided, whereby plastic surfaces that are intended for use under tribological conditions have substantially improved assembly properties and/or sliding friction properties and exhibit a very low degree of wear. Accordingly, modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided in which, after a reactive conversion under mechanical stress at room temperature, at least the reactive —NH groups and/or —OH groups present at the surface of plastics are present in a chemically covalently coupled manner with the perfluoropolymer carboxylic acid halide present at least in the surface-proximate region of modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders and/or with the grafted (meth)acrylic acid halide present via perfluoropolymer (peroxy) radicals of the perfluoropolymer (micro)powders and/or (meth)acrylic acid that has been modified into (meth)acrylic acid halide before the reactive conversion.

Abstract: Modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided, whereby plastic surfaces that are intended for use under tribological conditions have substantially improved assembly properties and/or sliding friction properties and exhibit a very low degree of wear. Accordingly, modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided in which modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders are present at the surface of plastics that comprise olefinically unsaturated double bonds at least at the surface such that the modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders are chemically covalently bonded via a radical coupling of the olefmically unsaturated double bonds with perfluoropolymer (peroxy) radicals of the modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders after a reactive conversion under mechanical stress at room temperature.

Abstract: Modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided, whereby plastic surfaces that are intended for use under tribological conditions have substantially improved assembly properties and/or sliding friction properties and exhibit a very low degree of wear. Accordingly, modified plastic surfaces with perfluoropolymers are provided in which, after a reactive conversion under mechanical stress at room temperature, at least the reactive —NH groups and/or —OH groups present at the surface of plastics are present in a chemically covalently coupled manner with the perfluoropolymer carboxylic acid halide present at least in the surface-proximate region of modified perfluoropolymer (micro)powders and/or with the grafted (meth)acrylic acid halide present via perfluoropolymer (peroxy) radicals of the perfluoropolymer (micro)powders and/or (meth)acrylic acid that has been modified into (meth)acrylic acid halide before the reactive conversion.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the fields of chemistry and construction and relates to surface-modified glass fiber for reinforcing concrete, such as those which can be used in textile-reinforced concrete (textile concrete), for example. The object of the present invention is to provide surface-modified glass fibers for reinforcing concrete, which glass fibers are at least substantially protected against an alkaline attack caused by the calcium hydroxides released during the cement reaction and/or dissolution and leaching processes generated thereby.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the fields of chemistry and mechanical engineering and relates to glass fiber surfaces which are modified without sizing material and silane, which glass fiber surfaces can be further processed into and used as composite materials, for example as reinforcing fiber materials for plastics, and to a method for producing the modified glass fiber surfaces. The object of the present invention is to provide glass fiber surfaces modified without sizing materials and silane, which glass fiber surfaces exhibit improved properties overall and for a further processing into composite materials, and furthermore to provide a simple and cost-effective method for producing glass fiber surfaces modified in such a manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cage for a rolling bearing, in particular for a ball bearing, to a rolling bearing with a cage and to the use of a cage in a high-speed rolling bearing with a characteristic speed value n×dm>1,000,000 mm/min, in particular for industrial spindle-bearing applications and in the medical sector, in particular in dental technology.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of chemistry and relates to radically coupled PTFE polymer compounds that can be used, for example, as tribo materials, and a method for the production thereof. The object of the invention is to disclose radically coupled PTFE polymer compounds which exhibit improved wear resistances with comparable gliding properties, and furthermore a simple and efficient method for the production of such compounds. The object is attained through radically coupled PTFE polymer compounds comprising radiation-chemically and/or plasma-chemically modified PTFE powders, on the particle surface of which olefinically unsaturated polymers are chemically radically coupled by a reactive conversion into a melt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fully synthetic albumin analog, to a hemocompatible coating for medical devices containing the fully synthetic albumin analog, as well as to medical devices coated with the hemocompatible coating. The albumin analog preferably has two basic structures which are connected with one another via at least one bridging unit, the basic structures respectively having, in a geometrically defined manner, at least two bound joint regions to which at least one residue is covalently bound, wherein the basic structures are, respectively, a benzene carboxylic acid, and wherein the joint regions are formed via acid amide bonds, and wherein each residue, respectively, comprises a lipophilic region and a hydrophilic region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the ratio of two distinct target-peptides or polynucleic acids comprising: a) obtaining a sample containing said two distinct target-peptides or polynucleic acids, b) providing a precursor-peptide or precursor-polynucleic acid, comprising the two distinct target-peptides or -polynucleic acids in a known ratio, wherein the two distinct target-peptides or -polynucleic acids are connected by a cleavage site, c) cleaving the precursor-peptide or precursor-polynucleic acid at the cleavage site to obtain a standard with the known ratio of the two distinct target-peptides or -polynucleic acids, d) detecting a signal of each distinct target-peptide or -polynucleic acid of the standard in an analyzer, comparing the signals with the known ratio and determining a correction factor, e) detecting the signal of each distinct target-peptide or -polynucleic acid of the sample in the analyzer and f) determining the ratio of the two distinct target-peptides or -polynucleic acid

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of polymer chemistry and relates to sulfonated polyarylene compounds such as can be used for example in ion exchange membranes in fuel cells, as well as a method for the production thereof and the use thereof. The object of the present invention is to disclose hydrolytically and thermally resistant sulfonated polyarylene compounds with a defined degree and position of sulfonation, from which membrane materials with an improved resistance to hydrolysis can be produced. The object is attained through sulfonated polyarylene compounds according to at least one of the general formulas (I)-(IV).

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the fields of analytics of proteins and peptides. More particularly, the invention concerns generation of an absolutely quantified reference peptide or protein solution via element mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the invention relates to the absolute quantification of phosphopeptides and peptides by the use of an absolutely quantified peptide solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the concentration of a first molecule having a chemical structure, which contains a first peptide sequence comprising: (a) obtaining a sample containing the first molecule, (b) providing a reference sample which contains a second molecule having a certain concentration and chemical structure, which contains a second peptide sequence, wherein the chemical structure of the second molecule only differs from the structure of the first molecule in one or more permutations in the first peptide sequence, (c) combining the reference sample and the sample containing the first molecule, (d) identifying at least one fragment peak in a mass spectrum (MS) of the first molecule and the second molecule, wherein the mass difference of the fragment peaks is only caused by the permutation of the at least two different amino acids, and (e) determining the concentration of the first molecule relative to the certain concentration of the second molecule by comparing of t

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of chemistry and relates to radically coupled PTFE polymer powders that can be used, for example, as tribomaterials, and a method for the production thereof. There is disclosed radically coupled PTFE polymer powders which, when incorporated into a matrix as PTFE polymer compound, exhibit improved wear resistance, and furthermore a simple and efficient method for the production thereof. There is provided radically coupled PTFE polymer powders comprising radiation-chemically and/or plasma-chemically modified PTFE powders, onto the particle surface of which homopolymers, copolymers or terpolymers are radically coupled via a reaction in dispersion or in solid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of polymer chemistry and relates to sulfonated polyarylene compounds such as can be used for example in ion exchange membranes in fuel cells, as well as a method for the production thereof and the use thereof. The object of the present invention is to disclose hydrolytically and thermally resistant sulfonated polyarylene compounds with a defined degree and position of sulfonation, from which membrane materials with an improved resistance to hydrolysis can be produced. The object is attained through sulfonated polyarylene compounds according to at least one of the general formulas (I)-(IV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fully synthetic albumin analog, to a hemocompatible coating for medical devices containing the fully synthetic albumin analog, as well as to medical devices coated with the hemocompatible coating. The albumin analog preferably has two basic structures which are connected with one another via at least one bridging unit, the basic structures respectively having, in a geometrically defined manner, at least two bound joint regions to which at least one residue is covalently bound, wherein the basic structures are, respectively, a benzene carboxylic acid, and wherein the joint regions are formed via acid amide bonds, and wherein each residue, respectively, comprises a lipophilic region and a hydrophilic region.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of chemistry and relates to long-term stable oil PTFE dispersions, such as can be used, for example, in transmissions or bearings, and a method for the production thereof. The object of the present invention is therefore to disclose a long-term stable oil PTFE dispersion as well as a simple and cost-effective method for the production thereof. The object is attained with an oil PTFE dispersion comprising PTFE particles and a monoolefinically or polyolefinically unsaturated oil, wherein molecules of the olefinically unsaturated oil are covalently/chemically coupled to PTFE (primary) particle surfaces via radical reactions, and wherein a permanent charge separation between the PTFE particle surfaces and the coupled oil molecules is present and a fine dispersion of the PTFE particles in the oil or oil mixture is present.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyphenylene sulfide (per)fluoropolymer materials, which can be used, for example, as tribomaterials. In particular, the present invention relates to polyphenylene sulfide (per)fluoropolymer materials that have an improved tribological behavior. The polyphenylene sulfide (per)fluoropolymer materials comprise a polyphenylene sulfide polymer matrix (PPS polymer matrix) with modified (per)fluoropolymer particles distributed therein in a (poly) disperse manner, which are present bonded to the PPS polymer matrix via chemical couplings. The present invention also relates to a method in which polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with thiol groups and/or thiolate groups is reactively compounded in a melt with one or more modified (per)fluoropolymer (micro/nano) powders in a single-step or multi-step manner.