Abstract: An infrared sensor having at least one measuring structure, which has, for example, a sensor chip having a measuring structure and a cap chip which is attached to the sensor chip and, together with the sensor chip, defines a sensor space; a screen having an internal screen area and an external screen area surrounding the internal screen area being formed on the top side of the cap chip; the internal screen area which is transparent to the infrared radiation to be detected being formed above the measuring structure, and the external screen area being at least partly non-transparent for the incident infrared radiation. The external screen area may be designed in particular as a reflective coating of metal or a dielectric layer, as reflective structuring formed by trenches having oblique surfaces, or as absorbing structuring.

Abstract: A rotation rate sensor having a substrate and a Coriolis element is proposed, the Coriolis element being situated above a surface of a substrate; the Coriolis element being able to be induced to vibrate in parallel to a first axis (X); an excursion of the Coriolis element being detectable, based on a Coriolis force in a second axis (Y), which is provided to be essentially perpendicular to the first axis (X); the first and second axes (X, Y) being provided parallel to the surface of the substrate, wherein force-conveying means are provided, the means being provided to convey a dynamic force effect between the substrate and the Coriolis element.

Abstract: A rotational rate sensor having a substrate and a Coriolis element is proposed, the Coriolis element being situated over a surface of a substrate; a driving arrangement being provided, by which the Coriolis element is induced to vibrations parallel to a first axis; a detection arrangement being provided, by which an excursion of the Coriolis elements is detectable on the basis of a Coriolis force in a second axis that is provided to be essentially perpendicular to the first axis; the first and second axis being parallel to the surface of the substrate; sensor elements that are designated to be at least partially movable with respect to the substrate being provided; a force-conveying arrangement being provided; the force-conveying arrangement being provided to convey a static force effect between the substrate and at least one of the sensor elements.

Abstract: A micromechanical rotation-rate sensor includes a substrate, an anchoring device provided on the substrate, as well as a first spiral spring device and a second spiral spring device, the two spiral spring devices being provided next to one another in mirror symmetry along their greatest extension, and the two spiral spring devices together form one spiral spring apparatus. The sensor further includes a centrifugal mass connected to the anchoring device via the first spiral spring device connected to the centrifugal mass so that the centrifugal mass is elastically deflectable from its neutral position, about a rotational axis situated perpendicularly to a substrate surface, so that the centrifugal mass is capable of rotary oscillation. In addition, the first spiral spring device includes a bend at its anchoring region with the anchoring device.

Abstract: A microstructured infrared sensor includes: a sensor chip having a diaphragm; a cavity formed underneath the diaphragm; a thermopile structure formed on the diaphragm and having bonded printed conductors; an absorber layer formed on the thermopile structure for absorbing infrared radiation; and a cap chip attached to the sensor chip. A sensor space is formed between the cap chip and the sensor chip, and the sensor space accommodates the thermopile structure. The infrared sensor also includes a convex lens area for focusing incident infrared radiation onto the absorber layer. The lens area may be formed on the top of the cap chip or on a lens chip attached to the cap chip. The lens area may be formed by drying a dispensed lacquer droplet, or by a softened, structured lacquer cylinder, or by subsequent etching of the dried lacquer droplet and the surrounding substrate material.

Abstract: A rotation-rate sensor includes a substrate and a centrifugal mass, in which a spiral spring device includes a bend in its anchoring region.

Abstract: A laser diode arrangement has a joint electrically insulating substrate, a plurality of laser diodes arranged in the joint electrically insulated substrate, conductor structures provided on the substrate so that, the laser diodes are connected with one another through the conductor structures, and a joint control of the laser diodes.

Abstract: A rotation rate sensor having a substrate and a Coriolis element is proposed, the Coriolis element being situated above a surface of a substrate; the Coriolis element being able to be induced to vibrate in parallel to a first axis (X); an excursion of the Coriolis element being detectable, based on a Coriolis force in a second axis (Y), which is provided to be essentially perpendicular to the first axis (X); the first and second axes (X, Y) being provided parallel to the surface of the substrate, wherein force-conveying means are provided, the means being provided to convey a dynamic force effect between the substrate and the Coriolis element.

Abstract: A rotational rate sensor having a substrate and a Coriolis element is proposed, the Coriolis element being situated over a surface of a substrate; a driving arrangement being provided, by which the Coriolis element is induced to vibrations parallel to a first axis; a detection arrangement being provided, by which an excursion of the Coriolis elements is detectable on the basis of a Coriolis force in a second axis that is provided to be essentially perpendicular to the first axis; the first and second axis being parallel to the surface of the substrate; sensor elements that are designated to be at least partially movable with respect to the substrate being provided; a force-conveying arrangement being provided; the force-conveying arrangement being provided to convey a static force effect between the substrate and at least one of the sensor elements.

Abstract: A laser diode arrangement has a joint electrically insulating substrate, a plurality of laser diodes arranged in the joint electrically insulated substrate, conductor structures provided on the substrate so that, the laser diodes are connected with one another through the conductor structures, and a joint control of the laser diodes.

Abstract: A computer program operably controls a riveting system to join two or more workpieces with a rivet. In another aspect of the present invention, a self-piercing rivet is employed with computer software to sense, measure and/or determine riveting and/or joint characteristics. Still another aspect of the present invention employs an electronic control unit and one or more sensors to determine a riveting characteristic and/or an actuator characteristic.

Abstract: The arrangement focuses a combined laser beam (33) composed of individual laser beams produced by laser diodes (2) on a common spot. Prismatic reflecting bodies (7,8) are arranged in depressions (11,12) provided in a common substrate (1) between parallel rows (R1,R2; R3,R4) of the laser diodes (2). Each reflecting body (7,8) has oppositely inclined reflecting surfaces arranged on opposite sides thereof for deflection of the individual laser beams from the two adjacent rows of laser diodes. Two cylindrical lenses (9) are arranged on opposite sides of each reflecting body (7,8) between the laser diodes and the reflective surfaces to convert elliptical remote fields of the laser beams into circularly symmetric remote fields. Laterally movable focusing lenses (14) for each individual laser beam are arranged on the reflecting bodies (7,8) between the common spot and the reflecting surfaces for individual adjustment of the laser beams, whereby the combined laser beam (33) is focussed on the common spot.

Abstract: An offset axle (1) for low-platform town buses. It solves the problem of making it possible to integrate disc brakes in the offset axle system without reducing the aisle width of the platform in the vehicle in the area of the axle and obtaining a sufficiently low platform level in spite of the gantry being significantly lowered owing to design requirements. Disposed eccentrically in the offset axle (1) is a differential (2) the axle shafts of which are each inserted into a drive pinion (5) of a gantry drive (3) with demultiplication effect, the drive being freely mounted in a self-centering manner between two intermediate pinions (6) each of which transmits half the drive power to a spur wheel (7) in order to drive the wheels. Owing to the two gantry drives (3), the axle shafts (4) are lower than the wheel axles by the depth of the gantry. The axle shafts (4) are mounted eccentrically on the upper edge of the interior of the axle bridge housing (8).

Abstract: In order to achieve good lateral sealing in a simple construction of a chamber doctor, side parts are drawn toward the end sides of the work blade by magnets and/or the side parts are resiliently deformable and contact the work blade with pretensioning.

Abstract: A method of and a device for safeguarding a vehicle or machinery movable in space, such as a robot, a stacker, an operatorless transporting vehicle or the like against collision, in which by the use of distance sensors, especially ultrasonic sensors with echo time measurement, the distance from an obstacle is measured and a reaction signal is initiated when a preset threshold value is not reached, said method and device being characterized by a time-synchronous actuation of the distance sensors in a compound circuit which in case of a dangerous approach of the vehicle to an obstacle triggers a reaction signal which is either a speed reduction signal or a stop signal. Moreover, the measuring signal can be utilized as a command signal for actively influencing the vehicle movement, e.g. for driving around the obstacle or the like.

Abstract: This anti-lead seal prevents the accumulation of torsional and tangential stresses on one and the same sealing element by way of an intermediate sleeve (6) which forms an axial seal gap (7) with one of the coordinated corrugated or housing-like machine parts (1, 2) and a radial seal gap (8) with the other. Since the intermediate sleeve (6) is firmly retained via a torsional safety (11) and an axial fixation (13), the sealing elements (9) for the radial seal gap (7) are stressed only by relative axial movements and the sealing elements (12) for the axial seal gap (8) are stressed only by rotational movements. Here simple elastomeric parts can be used that are easy to supply and can be quickly mounted.

Abstract: A steered axle assembly comprises a relatively fixed axle beam, a pair of wheel supports pivotal on the axle beam about respective upright wheel pivot axes spaced horizontally apart on the beam transverse to a predetermined horizontal travel direction, an at least limitedly articulated track rod extending horizontally transverse to the travel direction between the wheel supports and having outer ends pivoted on same about respective upright track axes spaced in the travel direction from the respective pivot axes, and an actuator cylinder fixed to the axle beam and having a piston rod forming part of the track rod for relatively displacing the rod and axle beam horizontally transverse to the travel direction and thereby generally identically pivoting the wheel supports about the respective wheel pivot axes. Respective rod and beam abutment formations fixed on the track rod and relative to the axle beam confront each other horizontally transverse to the travel direction.

Abstract: A steered and driven axle-end assembly has a steering knuckle whose inside and outside halves are pivotal about an upright pivot axis. An axle extends into the inside knuckle half and is connected to the inner side of a universal joint whose outer side is connected to one end of a gear train whose other end is connected to a wheel support which is rotatable about a horizontal wheel axis on the outside knuckle half. A pair of roller bearings centered on the wheel axis are spaced axially apart therealong by a spacing which is equal to at most half of the axial distance through which the outside knuckle half extends into the wheel support. Thus the outside knuckle half and associated structure can pivot through a considerable angle relative to the inside knuckle half for minimum turning radius of a vehicle embodying the axle-end assembly.

Abstract: A steered and driven axle-end assembly has a steering knuckle whose inside and outside halves are pivotal about an upright pivot axis. An axle extends into the inside knuckle half and is connected to the inner side of a universal joint whose outer side is connected to one end of a gear train whose other end is connected to a wheel support which is rotatable about a horizontal wheel axis on the outside knuckle half. A pair of roller bearings centered on the wheel axis are spaced axially apart therealong by a spacing which is equal to at most half of the axial distance through which the outside knuckle half extends into the wheel support. Thus the outside knuckle half and associated structure can pivot through a considerable angle relative to the inside knuckle half for minimum turning radius of a vehicle embodying the axle-end assembly.

Abstract: A driven steering shaft assembly especially for a planetary steering shaft is formed with a universal joint interposed between an axle shaft extending from a differential and a steering shaft for driving a wheel hub or the inner central gear of a planetary set, with the universal joint coupling the axle shaft and the steering shaft together. The universal joint includes an outer joint member coupled with one of the shafts and an inner joint member coupled with the other shaft. A sealing boot is operatively coupled to seal the interior of the universal joint and the sealing boot is releasably attached with the outer joint member of the universal joint. A neck portion of the sealing boot engages the steering shaft in releasable connection therewith but axially slideably movable relative thereto.