Abstract: A method for determining an oil condition, namely, an oil condition corresponding to the oil age or oil damage, with the following steps: a) measuring a temperature of the oil or of the part through which the oil flows, coordinating each temperature measured with one temperature range defined by an upper limit and/or a lower limit; b) as soon as the measured temperature exceeds or falls below a limit of a temperature range, measuring the period of time during which the measured temperature dwells in this range; c) in addition, integrating an oil flow running during this time over the time period measured in step b); d) from the time period measured in step b) and the integral of the oil flow determined in step c), determining an oil age or oil damage characteristic for the current temperature range.

Abstract: A method for determining an oil condition, namely, an oil condition corresponding to the oil age or oil damage, with the following steps: a) measuring a temperature of the oil or of the part through which the oil flows, coordinating each temperature measured with one temperature range defined by an upper limit and/or a lower limit; b) as soon as the measured temperature exceeds or falls below a limit of a temperature range, measuring the period of time during which the measured temperature dwells in this range; c) in addition, integrating an oil flow running during this time over the time period measured in step b); d) from the time period measured in step b) and the integral of the oil flow determined in step c), determining an oil age or oil damage characteristic for the current temperature range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tubbing (2) for a tubbing ring (1) used in underground tunnel works in which a front tubbing face (4) and a rear tubbing face (5) are provided. At least one tubbing face (4, 5) is provided in the shape of a spherical shell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regulating an electrohydraulically controlled clutch or a brake of a transmission. According to the invention, the clutch or brake is regulated using a model-based compensation pressure regulator with the help of an observation unit, whereby the compensation-pressure control circuit contains a non-linear compensation element which corresponds to the inverse model of the control system of the coupling or brake. The observation unit estimates interference levels of the clutch regulation from a drive chain model, according to a condition-estimation procedure.

Abstract: An electrically heated composite glass sheet including heating element wires deposited and fixed in place on the thermoplastic film connecting the individual glass sheets together so as to extend from the one film edge as far as the opposite film edge. The heating wires are connected in parallel with buses, which are arranged at a predetermined distance from the edge of the film. Directly adjacent to the buses, the sections of the wires which are arranged between the buses and the edge of the film are severed by moving two electrodes, which are connected with a power supply, into contact with the wires. The electric current heats the wires between the electrodes to their fusion temperature and thereby severs the wires.

Abstract: A liquid siphon for emptying containers such as drums includes a main suction pipe, of a relatively large diameter, and an auxiliary suction pipe, of a relatively small diameter, which auxiliary suction pipe is coextensive with the main suction pipe and extends slightly beyond the main suction pipe. At the location where the siphon is attached to a hose, a stopcock is provided which is used to close the main suction pipe when the siphon begins to draw air so that the auxiliary suction pipe along pulls liquid from the container. In this way residual liquid is removed from the container.

Abstract: A system for heating the operator's cabin of a machine powered by an internal combustion engine includes a primary oil conduit system wholly contained within the oil pan of the machine and having a high-pressure pump for feeding oil under heat and high pressure from the oil reservoir and back thereinto through a throttling element for heating the oil as it passes therethrough. A secondary oil conduit system operating under a pressure less than that of the primary system has an intermediate heat exchanger in heat exchange relationship with the oil heated by the first system, and has a heating heat exchanger located in the operator's cabin for supplying heat thereto. The secondary circuit contains liquid which is circulated by a circulating pump.