Abstract: For a reproduction of optical sound information in a double variable-area track (DZ) an optoelectronic converter device scans the optical sound track of a film. The converter device generates a digital image signal for buffer storage in the memory of a program-controlled data processing device. The data processing device derives the profile of the two edges of the double variable-area track from data values of the buffer-stored image signal. Audio data for a sound reproduction are generated using data about the edge profile determined.

Abstract: A scanning device optically scans picture information and further information provided on an original film and makes the information available as digitized data, the scanned information not being converted into the original information contents. A storage device stores the data obtained from the film scanner as digital data, and a display device separates data reproduced by the storage device in accordance with their original location on the original film and makes them available as separate data signals.

Abstract: For a reproduction of optical sound information in a double variable-area track (DZ) an optoelectronic converter device (1, 2, 4, 9 to 13) scans the optical sound track (3) of a film (4). The converter device (1, 2, 4, 9 to 13) generates a digital image signal for buffer storage in the memory (19) of a program-controlled data processing device (15). The data processing device (15) derives the profile of the two edges of the double variable-area track (DZ) from data values of the buffer-stored image signal. Audio data for a sound reproduction are generated using data about the edge profile determined.

Abstract: A scanning device optically scans picture information and further information provided on an original film and makes the information available as digitized data, the scanned information not being converted into the original information contents. A storage device stores the data obtained from the film scanner as digital data, and a display device separates data reproduced by the storage device in accordance with their original location on the original film and makes them available as separate data signals.

Abstract: A scanner for line-sequentially scanning a film frame by means of linear image sensors in which the charges of the light-sensitive pixels (1) are transferred to two shift registers (4, 5). To enhance the horizontal resolution in the picture display, the outputs of the two shift registers are line-sequentially and alternately connected (10) to the common input of the subsequent signal--processing channel for generating a progressive quincunx structure of the line-sequential pixel charges.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for manufacturing a high-resolution digital master for filing cinematographic films and their conversion into different TV and multimedia standards, in which the overall picture and sound information associated with the cinematographic film is high-resolution scanned, digitized and stored. For creating a high-quality electronic duplicate of a film master for the purpose of document-secure filing or for manufacturing different TV and multimedia versions, picture and sound data prescriptions derived from the film for processing steps and parameters associated with the corresponding film frames are additionally stored.

Abstract: Memories are provided for correction signal values respectively for a hue signal, a saturation signal and a luminance signal derived from a digital color television signal. Each of the memories consists of two memory units which are alternately used for storing new correction signal values and for reading out previously stored correction signal values. The corrected signal values are modified by a key signal, if present, in each case and are then supplied to calculation circuits to each of which a signal derived from the saturation signal is applied. The resulting fully corrected hue and saturation signals are converted back into color difference signals, but the finally corrected luminance signal requires no conversion. The raw correction signal values are supplied from a computer into which control magnitudes can be entered to produce them. These control magnitudes can be used to define corner points of a deflected line function from which the correction signals are derived.

Abstract: Memories are provided for correction signal values respectively for a hue signal, a saturation signal and a luminance signal derived from a digital color television signal. Each of the memories consists of two memory units which are alternately used for storing new correction signal values and for reading out previously stored correction signal values. The corrected signal values are modified by a key signal, if present, in each case and are then supplied to calculation circuits to each of which a signal derived from the saturation signal is applied. The resulting fully corrected hue and saturation signals are converted back into color difference signals, but the finally corrected luminance signal requires no conversion. The correction signal values are supplied from a computer into which control magnitudes can be entered to produce them. These control magnitudes can be used to define corner points of a deflected line function from which the raw correction signals are derived.

Abstract: A digital color television signal has its chrominance component, which is in the form of color difference signals, resolved into color hue and color saturation signals which are used to address a function memory which provides a pair of correction signals that are supplied to calculator circuits which respectively receive the color hue signal, the color saturation signal and the luminance signal as well as predetermined control signals previously stored which relate to the color sectors adjacent to the color sector in which the color hue signal is located. The calculation circuits respectively supply corrected color hue, color saturation and luminance signals. The color hue signal is additively corrected by a color hue correction signal and the color saturation signal is multiplicatively corrected by a saturation correction signal.

Abstract: A defect location signal such as has been used on television film scanners to show that presence of scratches or dust specks on the scanned film is utilized to show the horizontal extent as well as the position of a defect affecting successive pixels on a television line. Beginning at some point preceding the defects and ending at some time following the defect, the succession of undisturbed pixel values is time expanded with interpolation of pixel values to the extent necessary to bridge the entire defect region. The spacing between detected defects is measured to control the number of undisturbed pixels at each side of the defect that will be spread apart by interpolated values and likewise the ratio of interpolated values to undisturbed pixels in the expanded signal.

Abstract: A method is described for the determination and automatic correction of horizontal and vertical errors in image steadiness for continuous raster scanning of film, using an image memory. By means of the vertical image steadiness error signals the beginning of scanning of the first line of a new film frame and the start of writing of video signals for the first line of this film frame are determined. Output of the video signals for at least one stored image is synchronous with the studio timing signals so that it can be read out using standard studio horizontal image steadiness and vertical timing signals. By means of the horizontal error signals the start of the scanning of a new line is displaced for a stored image in relation to the start of the reading of a new line.

Abstract: For detecting picture unsteadiness in television pictures obtained from a film scanner in which the film moves continuously, the sprocket holes and the picture boundaries on the film and additional reference marks that may be provided on the film outside of the picture boundaries were scanned by an oblique sensor to produce pulse signals indicating both vertical and horizontal deviations. A reference pattern is produced by running the film through the scanner so equipped and thereafter when the film is scanned for television transmission the reference pattern is compared with the contemporary pattern to provide correction signals for steadying the television pictures. Normally only one form of measurement will be used, but the others are available for automatic or prompt manual substitution if the pulse signals in use become unreliable during any particular portion of the film scanning.

Abstract: Color differences between primary color components obtained from a matrix in the usual way are combined by pairs in six non-additive mixers in a known way to produce six color sector signals. In a known system, these sector signals are individually amplitude adjustable for color correction purposes. In order to provide a correction for the luminance signal corresponding to the color corrections that may be made, a low pass-filtered luminance signal is used to multiply either all of the sector signals individually before amplitude adjustment or to multiply their sum after amplitude adjustment, the ultimate product-sum in each case being added to the full-band luminance signal for provision of a corrected luminance signal.

Abstract: The correction factor applied to a delayed television signal in a television noise reduction system and the complement of that factor applied to the undelayed television signal from which the delayed television signal is derived after averaging with the weighted delayed signal of an earlier of the preceding television frames, are modified in accordance with whether the source of the origninal television signals is or is not repeating at least one field of the television frames before going on to the next. The variation of the correction factor can also be made to depend on the number of repetitions of each frame. In an automatic system, operating in connection with a film scanner capable of scanning a motion picture film at different speeds (frames per second) to produce television signals in accordance with either the American or European television standard, the correction factor is set at the value 1 whenever a film frame is scanned for more than two half-frame television fields.

Abstract: To suppress display of film splices, defects in the film, fade, dissolve, or torn perforation openings upon scanning a film for video reproduction, splices and defects are recognized, and transmission of the frames which include these splices and defects to a memory connected to a film scanner is inhibited, the memory being repetitively read-out to obtain sequential output signals in accordance with the television standard of previously properly scanned frames. Splices and the like can be recognized by an automatic recognition sensor (19), for example sensing optical density, a capacitative sensor or the like; and/or defects can be recognized visually by an operator, and the respective defective or spliced frames entered in a film splice frame memory (23), which, subsequently, inhibits transmission of the respectively spliced or defective frames to the memory (12) receiving the scanned video signals.

Abstract: Wide screen film frames are scanned in full width and in a first intermediate store a horizontal section of the frame is defined by a read-out start address and expanded by reading out at a lower speed. Only a part of the desired expansion is produced before the picture is stored for interlaced read-out in pairs of television fields. Thereafter the rest of the desired expansion is produced, with a further selection of the portion of each line to be viewed. Varying the read-out start address to shift the section of the picture to be reproduced in television form is done frame by frame in the first store and field by field in the second store and the two shift adjustments can be programmed in combination for smooth transitions.

Abstract: To eliminate or suppress amplifier noise in amplifiers (6, 7) connected to a semiconductor light sensor, for example of a charge coupled type, in which the noise introduced by the amplifiers has a frequency spectrum which is low with respect to the clock frequency of operation of the sensor, the minimum value signal from the light sensor, as amplified, is determined; the maximum value of the signal, as amplified, is determined; and a reference is derived based on the minimum value, for example by clamping the minimum value, or utilizing the minimum value as a dynamic reference for subtraction from the maximum value, to thereby eliminate the effect of low-frequency shift of signals due to low-frequency noise of the amplifiers; various circuits may be used, such as clamping circuits (FIG. 3), threshold or non-additive mixing circuits (FIGS. 4, 5) coupled to a subtraction stage (24), band-pass filtering and envelope demodulation (FIG. 6: 28, 29, 30) or synchronous demodulation (FIG.

Abstract: Horizontally compressed video signals sensed in film scanning are transmitted at a slower rate for time expansion while the beginning of the transmission of each line is electronically delayed by an amount, constant at least for each picture field, which determines the centering of the narrower picture to be transmitted by television. This processing can be done before digitalization of the picture for storage, in the read-out of semiconductor sensors or it can be done after digitalization either before or after picture storing or partly before or partly after. In a preferred form a complete Cinemascope frame is stored in the picture store and both the time expansion and the picture shift are provided in the read-out of the picture store.

Abstract: In order to achieve color correction of color television signal generated by a film scanner which includes a scanning device and a digital frame store, correction means are arranged before and after a frame store. Correction data are stored during a first film run and reproduced during a second film run, e.g. when the film is televised. The correction may be performed during motion and still motion of the film without increasing of quantization errors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is proposed for the H and V-contour correction of a digitized video signal wherein after deriving a digital correction signal, both the main video signal and the correction signal are D/A converted. The H and V-detail signals are then derived from the analogue correction signal, are combined with a contour correction signal and are added in a suitable manner to the main video signal.