Abstract: Fluidized bed heat exchanger with a chamber (24), comprising at least one solid particles inlet port (22) at least one solid particles outlet port (30), arranged at a distance to the at least one inlet port (22), means (46) for introducing a fluidizing gas from a bottom area (24b) of said chamber (24) into said chamber (24), wall-like heat transfer means (28) in its lower part, extending in a main flow direction of the solid particles on their way from the inlet port (22) to the outlet port (30), substantially parallel to each other, with a space (C) between adjacent heat transfer means (28), at least one baffle (50,52) in its upper part, extending substantially perpendicular to the heat transfer means (28), downwardly from a chamber ceiling (24c), with its lower end at a distance to the heat transfer means (28) and comprising extensions (E), protruding into the space (C) between adjacent heat transfer means (28), and couplings (B) to mechanically connect the said heat transfer means (28) to said extensions (

Abstract: A fluidized bed heat exchanger with a chamber (24) comprises a solid particles inlet port (22), a solid particles outlet port (30), arranged at a distance to the inlet port (22), means (46) for introducing a fluidizing gas from a bottom area into the chamber (24). The heat exchanger has furthermore several heat exchange tubes (28) being arranged at a distance to each other. The heat exchange tubes (28) are each arranged in a meandering fashion and a wall-like pattern and extend substantially parallel to the main flow direction of the solid particles on their way to and through the outlet port (30).

Abstract: Fluidized bed apparatus, comprising a circulating fluidized bed reactor with at least one outlet port at its upper part, wherein said outlet port allows a mixture of gas and solid particles exhausted from the fluidized bed reactor to flow into a number (n) of associated separators for separating solid particles from said gas, a number (n) of means to transfer said separated solid particles from said (n) separators into a number (up to n) of discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (24.1, 24.2, 24.3), and return means to transport at least part of said solid particles back from said discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (24) into the circulating fluidized bed reactor, wherein the number (up to n) of discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (24.1, 24.2, 24.3) are mechanically connected to provide one common fluidized bed heat exchanger (24)mwith water cooled intermediate walls (24i) between adjacent discrete fluidized bed heat exchangers (24.1, 24.2, 24.3).

Abstract: A stacked optical antenna structure includes a stacked structure including: (1) a first antenna arm located over a substrate; (2) an interstitial gap layer located over at least a portion of the first antenna arm; and (3) a second antenna arm located over at least a portion of the interstitial gap layer located over the first antenna arm, and typically incompletely overlapping the first antenna arm. Thus, a gap width of the stacked optical antenna structure is determined by a thickness of the interstitial gap layer rather than a separation distance of antenna arms that may be formed using a photolithographic method. Embodiments also contemplate a method for fabricating the stacked optical antenna that uses the interstitial gap layer as an etch stop layer. The interstitial gap layer may provide any of several functions within the stacked optical antenna structure.

Abstract: Ion sources or generators for focused ion beam emission (FIB) applications emitting ion beams into vacuum or a gas are used in industry and research for the characterization and processing of surfaces. With appropriate focusing, such ion beams can be confined to diameters of a few nanometers. The tip of technical FIB generators for producing such focused beams consists of a liquid metal, gallium in general, which tends to fluctuate during operation. This has a negative influence on the stability of the emission current and the focus definition. It is also possible to generate an FIB with solid tips, consisting of a solid metal, but such tips deteriorate rapidly during operation due to erosion of material from the tip apex. The present invention concerns a novel FIB source generating free space ion beams from a solid source but does not exhibit the above-mentioned erosion effect at the apex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chromatography column for high-pressure liquid chromatography, which can be provided with different connection systems, such as a cartridge retaining device or a reducing screw. The column tube (1, 11) of the inventive chromatography column has an external thread (4,18) at each end and at least one groove (3,14).

Abstract: The invention relates to a chromatography column for high-pressure liquid chromatography, which can be provided with different connection systems, such as a cartridge retaining device or a reducing screw. The column tube (1, 11) of the inventive chromatography column has an external thread (4,18) at each end and at least one groove (3,14).

Abstract: The tension in a moving web of material is measuring using a measuring roller or cylinder. This tension is repeatedly compared to a threshold value. If the measured value deviates from the threshold value beyond a certain amount, this is used as an indication of web tear or breakage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a longlife, resistant spark plug for internal combustion engines. The electrode (16), according to the invention, of the spark plug is assembled from a plurality of initial parts: an initial part for a corrosion-resistant shell (31'), an initial part for a core (33') of high thermal conductivity, and an initial part for an erosion-resistant region (32'). These initial parts are jointly impact-extruded to form an electrode blank which is formed into the center electrode (16) by machining its head (51) and its region on the combustion-chamber side. Electrodes which are especially highly stressed are given a fourth initial part, which is also to be impact-extruded, consists of highly erosion-resistant material and is still arranged on the combustion-chamber side in front of the erosion-resistant region (32'). The electrode (16) can be used as a center electrode (16), but can also be used, if necessary, as an earth electrode after an embossing and bending process.

Abstract: An axially semisymmetrical supersonic air intake comprises a semiconical reaction engine displacer body having an air gap between the flat bottom of the air intake of the displacer body in the outer contour adjacent thereto of a missile or aircraft. The body transmits the boundary flow of the missile or aircraft and is bridged by a boundary layer plow. The body has a circumferentially distributed aperture on its surface in a zone of external normal shock which is produced during the subcritical conditions oscillating back and forth by which communication is established with the bleed air channel. The bleed air channels lead openings in the body to the flat bottom and may be subdivided by partitions in the interior of the body into individual parallel passages. The channels are formed by semiconical air baffles which are coaxial with the displacer body and taper in a direction opposite to the taper of the displacer body.

Abstract: In a ram jet engine, a tubular combustion chamber is divided into a flame amber followed by a mixing chamber. The ram air is supplied through intake diffusers located on the exterior of the combustion chamber. The intake diffusers supply combustion air directly into the flame chamber and secondary air is conveyed along the exterior of the combustion chambers and then supplied directly into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A formed part of sintered iron, and method and sintering tile for making same, according to which the formed part to be sintered for purposes of providing the same with an austenitic wear resistant surface is reacted during the sintering process with a substance from which at least at the sintering temperature austenite forming elements are diffused into the surface of the formed part.

Abstract: A formed part of sintered iron, and method and sintering tile for making same, according to which the formed part to be sintered is for purposes of providing the same with an austenitic wear resistant surface reacted during the sintering process with a substance from which at least at the sintering temperature austenite forming elements are diffused into the surface of the formed part.

Abstract: A signal representative of an ignition pulse is derived, for example by slipping a transducer over an ignition cable, and the signal is passed through a low path filter to form an average value signal, the maximum intensity, or the timing of the maximum intensity of which is analyzed with respect to a threshold level (which may be dynamic, by comparison with other pulses, or fixed) and/or with respect to time of occurrence of the maximum value after the ignition pulse has commenced.