Abstract: A solenoid valve, particularly for hot water, has a diaphragm that is disposed with no folds that accumulate air or vapor bubbles. The diaphragm extends in a smooth curve between its outer edge and its inner edge so that the bubbles are directed to the level where the mouth of the inlet conduit enters the valve chamber. Preferably the center axis of the valve chamber and a solenoid system is tipped back to form an obtuse angle with the center axis of the inlet conduit. In addition, the inlet conduit has a portion of the upper inside wall that slopes upwardly in the direction away form the valve chamber and toward the inlet. In this portion, a discharge channel, such as a groove, extends in the direction from the valve chamber to the inlet. The discharge channel helps direct accumulated air and vapor bubbles from the valve chamber out toward the inlet.

Abstract: A solenoid valve, particularly for hot water, has a diaphragm that is disposed with no folds that accumulate air or vapor bubbles. The diaphragm extends in a smooth curve between its outer edge and its inner edge so that the bubbles are directed to the level where the mouth of the inlet conduit enters the valve chamber. Preferably the center axis of the valve chamber and a solenoid system is tipped back to form an obtuse angle with the center axis of the inlet conduit. In addition, the inlet conduit has a portion of the upper inside wall that slopes upwardly in the direction away form the valve chamber and toward the inlet. In this portion, a discharge channel, such as a groove, extends in the direction from the valve chamber to the inlet. The discharge channel helps direct accumulated air and vapor bubbles from the valve chamber out toward the inlet.

Abstract: An escalator or passenger conveyor step is formed from a polymer-fiberglass composite which is injected into a mold cavity conforming to the configuration of the step. The preferred polymer is a polyethylene terephthalate, and the composite has a significant amount of a glass fiber reinforcement component incorporated therein. The step is provided with tread-stiffening ribs which support the underside of the tread and are interconnected with the step struts on which the step chain axle and trailer roller axles are mounted; and an inverted arch assembly beneath the edge of the step distal of the step riser.

Abstract: In a process for continuous grinding of web-shaped, textile flat articles by a grinding tool with a coating angle determined by a coating roller, an adjusting member acts on the coating roller to adjust a coating angle in dependence on a friction force which acts on the flat article.

Abstract: The process for continuous intensive wetting of a textile strip with a wetting fluid, e.g.

Abstract: A method of continuous permanent decating and fixing of web-shaped textile products includes the steps of moistening a textile product, treating the moistened textile product in a first moist treatment stage by guiding the moistened textile product over a rotatable and heatable cylinder and pressing against a part of a cylinder surface, subsequently moistening the textile product, then treating the textile product in a second dry stage by guiding the textile product over a rotatable and heatable cylinder and pressing it against a part of a cylinder surface so that in the first moist stage one side of the textile product is in contact with the cylinder surface of the first mentioned cylinder while in the second dry stage the other side of the textile product is in contact with the cylinder surface of the second mentioned cylinder, regulating a moisture of the textile product so that shortly before an end of the second dry treatment stage it has a normal moisture, and maintaining pressing actions in the treatme

Abstract: A process for the continuous permanent decatizing and fixing of textile materials in web form, such as woven, knitted fabrics or the like is described. In the process the textile material is damped to a range of 20 to 100%, and pressed against part of two heatable cylinders. The surface temperature of each heatable cylinder is in excess of 140.degree. C. In a first process step the left side of the textile material is applied to the first heatable cylinder, and in a second process step the right side of the textile material is applied to the second heatable cylinder.

Abstract: A fabric such as a knitted wool or wool mixture is treated by the application of a crabbing agent together with a hygroscopic substance. The fabric is then dried, sheared and moistened before passing through a decatizing apparatus in which the crabbing agent, reactivated during the moistening stage, reacts within the fabric fibers to render the changes produced during decatizing permanent.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus for a safety device for driving a vehicle in reverse comprising at least two transmitter/receiver pairs which are mounted at the back of the vehicle and which operate by reflecting sound. Each transmitter/receiver is associated with an electroacoustic transducer. An acoustic shunt is positioned between neighboring transducers. The transmitter/receiver pairs alternate cyclically to acquire an object. The signal received from a neighboring transmitter is evaluated as a function control signal.

Abstract: In a fabric treatment process, the fabric is subjected to a decatizing finishing step using a steaming and suction cylinder immediately after it has been subjected to a treatment step in which the fabric is pressed and fixed on a steaming cylinder.

Abstract: The initial moisture content of textile material to be decatized and fixed is controlled by a feedback-type regulator circuit which is responsive to measured values of the water content of vapor clouds produced as the material emerges from its passage around a steaming cylinder. The moisture content is preferably controlled by regulating the amount of water applied by a moistening device upstream of the steaming cylinder.

Abstract: A noncontact electronic switching arrangement is provided with an oscillator which can be damped by external objects. In accordance with the invention, the oscillator can be excited externally and is coupled to an evaluation circuit and an amplifier. A frequency control, which may consist of a phase-locked loop module, is connected to the externally excited resonant circuit of the oscillator. A reference voltage comparator at the output of the oscillator delivers at a Schmitt trigger output, pulse signals to a retriggerable time delay stage, or a shift register, which are connected to an exclusive-OR stage. The functioning of the exclusive-OR stage can be programmed. The arrangement is particularly useful as a limit or end switch for machine tools.

Abstract: In the decatizing apparatus of the present invention the fabric to be treated is fed around a rotatable, heated cylinder between a backing cloth and a tension thrust belt. The presence of the backing cloth between the surface of the cylinder and the fabric prevents the production of an excessive greasy gloss effect on the surface of the fabric closest to the cylinder. A moistening device may be provided to moisten the backing cloth before it passes around the cylinder. A wide variety of decatizing effects can be achieved by adjusting the temperature of the belt and cylinder, the tension of the belt, and the moisture content of the backing cloth and fabric.

Abstract: A strip textile fabric (7) is fixed and dehumidified by passing over a heated drum (1) in contact with a pressure belt (6) on its exposed surface. The pressure belt (6) is preheated and tensioned. As the fabric (7) passes round the periphery of the drum the moisture in the fabric is heated to the point where the steam becomes superheated.

Abstract: In a method of treating coated or uncoated materials made of natural or synthetic polymers in the form of continuous lengths to improve the quality of the material, the material is subjected to a series of processing steps, one of which is a cooling step in which the material is cooled by means of a cooling medium at extremely low temperature, such as a liquefied gas, for example, liquid nitrogen. Such cooling after a drying or heat-setting operation prevents creasing of the material when it is folded to form a stack. Apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a conveyor (2) for the length of material (1) and at least one blast nozzle head (3) provided with a plurality of blast nozzles (5) past which the material is conveyed, and connected to a source of cooling medium through suitable delivery means.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an endless pressure belt for a device for the continuous pressing and decatizing of woven and knitted fabrics and the like. Onto at least one side of an endless fabric made of aromatic polyamide fibres, a synthetic fibre skin is stitched, and one or more layers of rubber, synthetic rubber or the like is pressed at room temperature onto the skin. Subsequently, the structure is vulcanized while longitudinal tension is being applied.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the continuous pressing and decatizing of fabric, a pressure belt serves to move a fabric undergoing treatment around a rotatably-mounted and heatable cylinder. The pressure belt directly contacts the fabric to press it against the cylinder. The surface of the pressure belt is arranged to be heated by a heating roller around which the belt passes prior to passage around the cylinder. The cylinder and heating roller can be independently heated to different temperatures to produce a temperature differential across the fabric as it is pressed. As a result, moisture condensation preferentially occurs on one side of the fabric causing luster reduction on that side of the fabric.

Abstract: Decatizing apparatus comparison a heated cylinder and a backing cloth applied against the cylinder by means of a thrust belt under high tension. The material to be treated passes between the cylinder and the backing cloth. The cylinder is freely rotatable and is driven by passage of the material, the backing cloth and the thrust belt.

Abstract: Decatizing apparatus comprises a steaming cylinder and a suction cylinder. Respective primary backing cloths are associated with the steaming and suction cylinders to press the fabric to be treated against the cylinders, the tension of each primary backing cloth being adjustable independently of the other backing cloth. An intermediate backing cloth is interposed between each primary backing cloth and the fabric in the zone of the cylinder, and moves over the cylinder with its associated primary backing cloth without slipping. The intermediate backing cloths permit the use of high surface pressures to be applied by the primary backing cloths.

Abstract: A machine for shearing the pile of napped cloth includes a shearing bar and a shearing blade spaced by a variable gap from the bar. A control arrangement in accordance with the invention includes a sensing device for sensing the thickness of the base portion of the material and a further sensing device for measuring the variable gap. Signals from both sensing devices are compared and the output difference, if any, is used to actuate controls which adjust the variable gap.