Abstract: A method for compaction of a track ballast bed uses a tamping unit including two oppositely positioned tamping tools which are actuated with vibrations and are lowered into the track ballast bed during a tamping operation and moved towards one another with a squeezing motion. A progression of a force acting upon the tamping tool over a path covered by the tamping tool is recorded during a vibration cycle by sensors disposed at the tamping unit for at least one tamping tool. At least one characteristic value is derived therefrom and used to carry out an evaluation of the tamping operation and/or of a quality of the track ballast bed. The tamping unit is thus used as a measuring apparatus during operative use. A device for performing the method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for providing information related to the compaction state of a soil when performing a compaction operation with a soil compactor comprises the operations: a) detecting a vertical acceleration and a horizontal acceleration of a vibratory roller when moving a soil compactor over a soil to be compacted, b) determining a measurement relationship between a ground contact force (Fb) and a deflection (sw) of the vibratory roller for one vibration cycle using the vertical acceleration and horizontal acceleration detected in operation a), c) determining a simulation relationship (ZS) between the ground contact force (Fb) and the deflection (sw) for one vibration cycle using a ground model taking into account at least one simulation parameter, d) comparing the simulation relationship (ZS) to the measurement relationship, e) determining that a default value of the at least one simulation parameter taken into account in the ground model substantially represents a corresponding soil parameter of the soil to be

Abstract: A method for compaction of a track ballast bed uses a tamping unit including two oppositely positioned tamping tools which are actuated with vibrations and are lowered into the track ballast bed during a tamping operation and moved towards one another with a squeezing motion. A progression of a force acting upon the tamping tool over a path covered by the tamping tool is recorded during a vibration cycle by sensors disposed at the tamping unit for at least one tamping tool. At least one characteristic value is derived therefrom and used to carry out an evaluation of the tamping operation and/or of a quality of the track ballast bed. The tamping unit is thus used as a measuring apparatus during operative use. A device for performing the method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for detecting and controlling compaction when compacting a soil by a depth vibrator which has a rotationally drivable imbalance (3) and at least one sensor (6, 12, 13, 14, 19), comprising the steps of: inserting the depth vibrator (2) into the soil (17) up to a desired final depth (Tm); compaction of the soil (17) during which the forward angle (?) of the imbalance (3) as well as the oscillation amplitude (A) of the depth vibrator (2) are determined; detection of a soil stiffness profile from soil stiffness values (k) determined over time (t); determination of a first soil stiffness value (k1) and a second soil stiffness value (k2) from the soil stiffness profile (k), for which it applies that a rate of increase (k?2) of the second soil stiffness value (k2) exceeds a rate of increase (k?1) of the first soil stiffness value (k1) by a defined factor; calculation of a transition soil stiffness value (k12) which is between the first soil stiffness value (k1) and the second soil stiffness value (k2); a

Abstract: A method for detecting and controlling compaction when compacting a soil by a depth vibrator which has a rotationally drivable imbalance (3) and at least one sensor (6, 12, 13, 14, 19), comprising the steps of: inserting the depth vibrator (2) into the soil (17) up to a desired final depth (Tm); compaction of the the soil (17) during which the forward angle (?) of the imbalance (3) as well as the oscillation amplitude (A) of the depth vibrator (2) are determined; detection of a soil stiffness profile from soil stiffness values (k) determined over time (t); determination of a first soil stiffness value (k1) and a second soil stiffness value (k2) from the soil stiffness profile (k), for which it applies that a rate of increase (k?2) of the second soil stiffness value (k2) exceeds a rate of increase (k?1) of the first soil stiffness value (k1) by a defined factor; calculation of a transition soil stiffness value (k12) which is between the first soil stiffness value (k1) and the second soil stiffness value (k2

Abstract: The invention relates to a drainage trench unit (10) which comprises at least one drainage trench sub-unit (12), the at least one drainage trench sub-unit (12) having a base wall (16) and a plurality of hollow pillars (18), said pillars (18) being connected integrally to the base wall (16) and tapering, preferably conically, away from the base wall (16), i.e. tapering from their base end (18a) to their top end (18b). The invention also relates to a transport unit for transporting a plurality of such drainage trench units (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a drainage trench unit (10) which comprises at least one drainage trench sub-unit (12), the at least one drainage trench sub-unit (12) having a base wall (16) and a plurality of hollow pillars (18), said pillars (18) being connected integrally to the base wall (16) and tapering, preferably conically, away from the base wall (16), i.e. tapering from their base end (18a) to their top end (18b). The invention also relates to a transport unit for transporting a plurality of such drainage trench units (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-shell structural unit and system of attaching the units to form an outer layer in the construction of a steep embankment formed from several layers, this outer layer being suitable for greening. The structural unit is formed by a front element, a spacer element, and a rear-wall element. The front and rear-wall elements have a flexurally rigid lattice structure. The rear-wall element is a planar element that is either a flat element or has a shape defined by a polygonal curve. The spacer element has a stepped form on at least one side and has mounts for frictional joints with geosynthetics. Connector pieces permit positive and frictional joining of the elements of the unit. The structural unit is intended for use as an independent support system to continuously resist horizontal loads exerted by a backfilled embankment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-shell structural unit and system of attaching the units to form an outer layer in the construction of a steep embankment formed from several layers, this outer layer being suitable for greening. The structural unit is formed by a front element, a spacer element, and a rear-wall element. The front and rear-wall elements have a flexurally rigid lattice structure. The rear-wall element is a planar element that is either a flat element or has a shape defined by a polygonal curve. The spacer element has a stepped form on at least one side and has mounts for frictional joints with geosynthetics. Connector pieces permit positive and frictional joining of the elements of the unit. The structural unit is intended for use as an independent support system to continuously resist horizontal loads exerted by a backfilled embankment.