Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, where the internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber and a prechamber spark plug which is assigned to the combustion chamber and which has a prechamber which is fluidically connected to the combustion chamber via a plurality of openings. The method includes operating the internal combustion engine in a catalytic converter heating operation in which an ignition time, at which an ignition spark for igniting a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber is generated in the prechamber within a particular operating cycle of the internal combustion engine, is shifted later compared to a normal operation. An injection time, at which a last direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber is carried out within the particular operating cycle, is a same in the catalytic converter heating operation and in the normal operation.

Abstract: A pre-chamber spark plug for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has a pre-chamber which has a plurality of openings and which is fluidically connectable to the combustion chamber via the openings. Two spark gaps are arranged in the pre-chamber via which respective sparks can be formed. The spark gaps are arranged symmetrically distributed in the pre-chamber and a first of the spark gaps is arranged further outwards than the second spark gap along a direction extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the pre-chamber spark plug.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, where the internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber and a prechamber spark plug which is assigned to the combustion chamber and which has a prechamber which is fluidically connected to the combustion chamber via a plurality of openings. The method includes operating the internal combustion engine in a catalytic converter heating operation in which an ignition time, at which an ignition spark for igniting a fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber is generated in the prechamber within a particular operating cycle of the internal combustion engine, is shifted later compared to a normal operation. An injection time, at which a last direct fuel injection into the combustion chamber is carried out within the particular operating cycle, is a same in the catalytic converter heating operation and in the normal operation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle has at least one cylinder for accommodating a piston and at least one pre-chamber spark plug allocated to the combustion chamber of the cylinder. The engine also has a pre-chamber, fluidically connected with the combustion chamber via several openings, in which at least one ignition spark is generable by the pre-chamber spark plug. At the induction stroke of the internal combustion engine, a rinsing of the pre-chamber with inlet gas including at least fuel and air occurs, so that, at the ignition point, an ignitable mixture of fuel and air is accommodated in the pre-chamber.

Abstract: A pre-chamber spark plug for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has a pre-chamber which has a plurality of openings and which is fluidically connectable to the combustion chamber via the openings. Two spark gaps are arranged in the pre-chamber via which respective sparks can be formed. The spark gaps are arranged symmetrically distributed in the pre-chamber and a first of the spark gaps is arranged further outwards than the second spark gap along a direction extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the pre-chamber spark plug.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle has at least one cylinder for accommodating a piston and at least one pre-chamber spark plug allocated to the combustion chamber of the cylinder. The engine also has a pre-chamber, fluidically connected with the combustion chamber via several openings, in which at least one ignition spark is generable by the pre-chamber spark plug. At the induction stroke of the internal combustion engine, a rinsing of the pre-chamber with inlet gas including at least fuel and air occurs, so that, at the ignition point, an ignitable mixture of fuel and air is accommodated in the pre-chamber.

Abstract: A method for operating a combustion engine is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes: generating several sparks to ignite a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber by an ignition device of the combustion engine, determining a combustion duration of at least one of the sparks, detecting a deviation of an actual operation from a target operation of the combustion engine at least depending on the combustion duration, compensating for the deviation by implementing at least one measure which influences a combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber, determining the combustion duration of the chronological first of the sparks, allocating the first spark to a first spark type or to a second spark type depending on the combustion duration, and implementing the at least one measure if at least one value which characterizes a frequency of one of the spark types exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: A method for operating a combustion engine is disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes: generating several sparks to ignite a fuel-air mixture in a combustion chamber by an ignition device of the combustion engine, determining a combustion duration of at least one of the sparks, detecting a deviation of an actual operation from a target operation of the combustion engine at least depending on the combustion duration, compensating for the deviation by implementing at least one measure which influences a combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber, determining the combustion duration of the chronological first of the sparks, allocating the first spark to a first spark type or to a second spark type depending on the combustion duration, and implementing the at least one measure if at least one value which characterizes a frequency of one of the spark types exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: Method for producing a vacuum measuring cell having a pressure transducer diaphragm with housing plates sealed on opposite sides to form reference and measuring vacuum chambers. An opening in one plate communicates with the measuring vacuum chamber and has a sealed connection for joining to medium to be measured. The diaphragm and plates are aluminum oxide ceramic and at least one of the seals is aluminum with a thickness of 0.5 ?m to 30 ?m. The ceramic parts are pressed together at increased temperature of 600° C. to 680° C. in a process gas atmosphere including a reducing gas, during a time of 30 to 90 minutes, and subsequently a tempering step is carried out in a second process gas atmosphere including oxygen, tempering taking place at a temperature of 450° C. to 575° C. such that the metallic aluminum is oxidized into aluminum oxide.

Abstract: Method for producing a vacuum measuring cell having a pressure transducer diaphragm with housing plates sealed on opposite sides to form reference and measuring vacuum chambers. An opening in one plate communicates with the measuring vacuum chamber and has a sealed connection for joining to medium to be measured. The diaphragm and plates are aluminum oxide ceramic and at least one of the seals is aluminum with a thickness of 0.5 ?m to 30 ?m. The ceramic parts are pressed together at increased temperature of 600° C. to 680° C. in a process gas atmosphere including a reducing gas, during a time of 30 to 90 minutes, and subsequently a tempering step is carried out in a second process gas atmosphere including oxygen, tempering taking place at a temperature of 450° C. to 575° C. such that the metallic aluminum is oxidized into aluminum oxide.

Abstract: A pressure measuring cell has a first housing body and a membrane arranged proximate the housing body, both of ceramic. The membrane has a peripheral edge joined to the first housing body to create a reference pressure chamber. A second housing body made of ceramic material is opposite the membrane and is joined to the peripheral edge of the membrane, the second housing body together with the membrane forming a measurement pressure chamber. The second housing body has a port for connecting the pressure measuring cell to a medium to be measured. The first housing body, the second housing body and the membrane are tightly connected along the peripheral edge of the membrane in a central area of the first housing body a hole is formed, reaching through the first housing body and at least in the central region of the membrane and opposite the hole a surface of the membrane is formed as a first optically reflective area.

Abstract: A pressure measuring cell has a first housing body and a membrane arranged proximate the housing body, both of ceramic. The membrane has a peripheral edge joined to the first housing body to create a reference pressure chamber. A second housing body made of ceramic material is opposite the membrane and is joined to the peripheral edge of the membrane, the second housing body together with the membrane forming a measurement pressure chamber. The second housing body has a port for connecting the pressure measuring cell to a medium to be measured. The first housing body, the second housing body and the membrane are tightly connected along the peripheral edge of the membrane in a central area of the first housing body a hole is formed, reaching through the first housing body and at least in the central region of the membrane and opposite the hole a surface of the membrane is formed as a first optically reflective area.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder in which a combustion space is delimited between a piston and a cylinder head, with a fuel injector having an outwardly opening injection nozzle arranged in the combustion space for injecting fuel in the form of a hollow cone into the combustion space, and a spark plug mounted in the cylinder head and having electrodes arranged outside the hollow fuel cone generated by the injection nozzle, into which the electrodes of the spark plug project, the cylinder has a bore diameter (D) dimensioned such that, at an ignition time point of the internal combustion engine, a ratio dmR/D of the mean diameter (dmR) of the fuel boundary vortex (10) to the cylinder bore diameter (D) is in a range of 0.08 to 0.2, in particular of 0.1 to 0.12.

Abstract: The invention relates to rapid multiple ignition, in which the maximum breakdown voltage for the spark breakdown is available a number of times during an ignition time window. The ignition system operates with a DC converter with which the voltage of the on-board vehicle electrical system is increased, and with rod-type ignition transformers whose minimized ignition coils permit rapid recharging. The ignition electronics operate with a power output stage which charges the rod-type ignition transformer by switching a power switch in the ground path of the primary winding. The output stage power switch is actuated by a time control arrangement which clocks the power switch for charging the rod-type ignition transformer and connects the primary side of the ignition transformer to ground for a prespecified time period in order to achieve the spark breakdown after charging of the ignition transformer.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder including a combustion chamber formed between a piston and a cylinder head including inlet and exhaust ports, an outwardly opening injection nozzle for injecting fuel in the form of a hollow cone into the combustion chamber and a spark plug mounted in the cylinder head, the spark plug is positioned at a distance B from the exhaust port axis and the cylinder bore having a diameter D such that the ratio B/D is between 0.02 and 0.13, in particular between 0.04 and 0.1.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder with a combustion chamber formed between a piston and a cylinder head, at least one inlet duct and at least one outlet duct formed in the cylinder head, a fuel injector arranged in the cylinder head so as to project into the combustion chamber and having an outwardly opening injection nozzle through which fuel in the form of a hollow cone is injected into the combustion chamber and a spark plug arranged in the combustion chamber in such a way that, during the injection of fuel, the electrodes of the spark plug are outside the injected hollow cone of fuel, the spark plug and the fuel injector are positioned in such a way that a first distance (c) is provided between an injector axis and a free end section of the central electrode of the spark plug, and the cylinder bore has a diameter (D), with a ratio (C/D) of the first distance (C) and a bore diameter (D) being in a range of 0.1 to 0.19, in particular 0.13 to 0.17.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder in which a combustion chamber is delimited between a piston and a cylinder head which includes at least one intake duct, at least one exhaust duct, a fuel injector arranged in the cylinder head and having outwardly opening injection nozzle through which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of a hollow cone, and a spark plug arranged in the combustion chamber (4) in such that the electrodes of the spark plug (7) are situated outside the injected hollow fuel cone formed during fuel injection, the fuel injector is positioned in the cylinder head in such a way that a first spacing (E) is provided between a fuel outlet opening and an intake passage axis, and the cylinder bore having a diameter (D), wherein a first ratio (E/D) is provided in a range from 0.15 to 0.22.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder in which a combustion space is delimited between a piston and a cylinder head, with a fuel injector having an outwardly opening injection nozzle arranged in the combustion space for injecting fuel in the form of a hollow cone into the combustion space, and a spark plug mounted in the cylinder head and having electrodes arranged outside the hollow fuel cone generated by the injection nozzle, into which the electrodes of the spark plug project, the cylinder has a bore diameter (D) dimensioned such that, at an ignition time point of the internal combustion engine, a ratio dmR/D of the mean diameter (dmR) of the fuel boundary vortex (10) to the cylinder bore diameter (D) is in a range of 0.08 to 0.2, in particular of 0.1 to 0.12.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine includes a spark plug 3, provided in combustion chamber 2, and an injection nozzle 1 that has a housing end face 27 and a closure element 6 which is movable by an actuator and has a closure member 10, the housing end face 17 of the injection nozzle 1 forming a common, planar surface with the closure member 10 in the closed state of the injection nozzle 1.

Abstract: A method for the formation of a combustible fuel/air mixture in a combustion chamber of a direct-injection internal combustion engine with an injection nozzle, which has a closure body includes the steps of injecting at least two partial quantities of fuel into the combustion chamber and moving the closure body of the injection nozzle into its closed position after the injection of each of the partial quantities of fuel.