Abstract: Method for time synchronization in a network comprising masters and at least one slave. The slave receives synchronization messages from the masters via the network for time synchronization of a first clock and a second clock of the slave. A first master sends a first synchronization message having a first time stamp to the slave for time synchronization of the first clock. The slave calculates a clock rate and a time difference between the first clock and the first master and aligns the first clock with a synchronized time. A second master sends a second synchronization message having a second time stamp to the slave for the time synchronization of the second clock. The clock rate of the second clock is set to the first clock rate. A time difference between the second clock and the second master is calculated and the second clock is aligned with the synchronized time.

Abstract: The aim is to transmit a data packet from an ethernet component, which is in an ethernet network, to an industrial communication network in a mixed network. An industrial communication network configured according to the standards of the IEEE 802.1 TSN working group is used, and at least one guarantee defined in the standards of the IEEE 802.1 TSN working group is assigned for the data packet in that a frame which contains the data packet is identified in the industrial communication network configured according to the standards of the IEEE 802.1 TSN working group by a TSN bridge and converted into a TSN stream which contains the data packet, and the data packet is transmitted to a TSN component in the TSN stream.

Abstract: In order to be able to better and more flexibly utilize the available isochronous bandwidth of a realtime capable Ethernet network protocol, it is provided that a number (k) of transmission cycles (Z1, . . . , Zk) are combined to create a slow transmission cycle (ZL) and two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) communicate with one another in this slow transmission cycle (ZL) in that data communication of these two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) is provided in each kth transmission cycle (Z), and/or a transmission cycle (Z) is divided into a plurality (j) of rapid transmission cycles (ZS) and two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) communicate with one another in this rapid transmission cycle (ZS) in that data communication of these two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) is provided j times in each transmission cycle (ZS).

Abstract: According to the invention, in order that the asynchronous bandwidth available in a real-time capable Ethernet data network protocol can be better utilized without collision at least one slave (S1, . . . , Sn) which wishes to transmit asynchronous data informs the master (M) in a transmission cycle (Z(m)) by means of a request data packet (DPa) how much asynchronous data this slave (S1, . . . , Sn) wishes to transmit asynchronously and by means of an invitation data packet (DPe) the master (M) informs the slave (S1, . . . , Sn) as to the time (tas) within a following transmission cycle (Z(m+k+l)) at which the slave (S1, . . . , Sn) should transmit the asynchronous data in an asynchronous data packet (DPas).

Abstract: In order to be able to maintain cross-traffic between slaves in a ring topology of an Ethernet-based data network even in the event of an error in the ring topology, which leads to the interruption of the ring topology, it is provided that in the event of the occurrence (rectification) of an error (F) in the annular data network (1), the ringmaster is configured to forward data packets or to block at least multicast data packets, and that the master prompts the slaves (S1, S2), communicating with one another via cross-traffic, to transmit configuration data packets (DPMC1, DPMC2) as multicast data packets to each of the other slaves (S1, . . . , Sn) of the annular data network in order to adjust address tables (AT1, AT2) in the slaves (S1, S2), communicating with one another via cross-traffic.

Abstract: In order for a real-time capable Ethernet data network protocol to shorten the cycle time of the transmission cycles in a real-time capable Ethernet data network it is provided that a plurality of slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) is combined into a sum frame group (SG) and one of these slaves (S1, S4) serves as initiator slave of the sum frame group (SG) and transmits a sum frame data packet (DPSR) to the other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) of the sum frame group (SG), so that these other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) of the sum frame group (SG) receive the sum frame data packet (DPSR) in sequence, each of these slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) writes its data (D1, D2, D3, D4) into the sum frame data packet (DPSR) and the last slave (S4, S1) of the sequence transmits the sum frame data packet (DPSR) to the master (M).

Abstract: In order that in a real-time capable Ethernet data network protocol the cycle time of the transmission cycles in a real-time capable Ethernet data network can be shortened, according to the invention a plurality of slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) is combined into a sum frame group (SG) and a slave (S2, S4) of the sum frame group (SG) is specified as collector node (SK) and all other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) of the sum frame group (SK) transmit their data in each case with a collective data packet (DPS1, DPS2, DPS3, DPS4, DPS5) to the collector node (SK) transmit, the collector node (SK) inserts the data of the other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) of the sum frame group (SG) into a sum frame data packet (DPSR) and the collector node (SK) transmits the sum frame data packet (DPSR) to the master (M).

Abstract: In order for a real-time capable Ethernet data network protocol to shorten the cycle time of the transmission cycles in a real-time capable Ethernet data network it is provided that a plurality of slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) is combined into a sum frame group (SG) and one of these slaves (S1, S4) serves as initiator slave of the sum frame group (SG) and transmits a sum frame data packet (DPSR) to the other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) of the sum frame group (SG), so that these other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) of the sum frame group (SG) receive the sum frame data packet (DPSR) in sequence, each of these slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4) writes its data (D1, D2, D3, D4) into the sum frame data packet (DPSR) and the last slave (S4, S1) of the sequence transmits the sum frame data packet (DPSR) to the master (M).

Abstract: In order to be able to maintain cross-traffic between slaves in a ring topology of an Ethernet-based data network even in the event of an error in the ring topology, which leads to the interruption of the ring topology, it is provided that in the event of the occurrence (rectification) of an error (F) in the annular data network (1), the ringmaster (RM) is configured to forward data packets or to block at least multicast data packets, and that the master (M) prompts the slaves (S1, S2), communicating with one another via cross-traffic, to transmit configuration data packets (DPMC1, DPMC2) as multicast data packets to each of the other slaves (S1, . . . , Sn) of the annular data network in order to adjust address tables (AT1, AT2) in the slaves (S1, S2), communicating with one another via cross-traffic.

Abstract: According to the invention, in order that the asynchronous bandwidth available in a real-time capable Ethernet data network protocol can be better utilized without collision at least one slave (S1, . . . , Sn) which wishes to transmit asynchronous data informs the master (M) in a transmission cycle (Z(m)) by means of a request data packet (DPa) how much asynchronous data this slave (S1, . . . , Sn) wishes to transmit asynchronously and by means of an invitation data packet (DPe) the master (M) informs the slave (S1, . . . , Sn) as to the time (tas) within a following transmission cycle (Z(m+k+l)) at which the slave (S1, . . . , Sn) should transmit the asynchronous data in an asynchronous data packet (DPas).

Abstract: In order to be able to better and more flexibly utilize the available isochronous bandwidth of a realtime capable Ethernet network protocol, it is provided that a number (k) of transmission cycles (Z1, . . . , Zk) are combined to create a slow transmission cycle (ZL) and two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) communicate with one another in this slow transmission cycle (ZL) in that data communication of these two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) is provided in each kth transmission cycle (Z), and/or a transmission cycle (Z) is divided into a plurality (j) of rapid transmission cycles (ZS) and two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) communicate with one another in this rapid transmission cycle (ZS) in that data communication of these two network nodes (M, S1, . . . , Sn) is provided j times in each transmission cycle (ZS).

Abstract: In order that in a real-time capable Ethernet data network protocol the cycle time of the transmission cycles in a real-time capable Ethernet data network can be shortened, according to the invention a plurality of slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) is combined into a sum frame group (SG) and a slave (S2, S4) of the sum frame group (SG) is specified as collector node (SK) and all other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) of the sum frame group (SK) transmit their data in each case with a collective data packet (DPS1, DPS2, DPS3, DPS4, DPS5) to the collector node (SK) transmit, the collector node (SK) inserts the data of the other slaves (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) of the sum frame group (SG) into a sum frame data packet (DPSR) and the collector node (SK) transmits the sum frame data packet (DPSR) to the master (M).

Abstract: A drier comprising a drier chamber inside a drier housing. An inner atmosphere of the drier chamber has an elevated temperature relative to the outer atmosphere. An inlet lock and an outlet lock reduce the inflow of the outer atmosphere into the drier chamber and the outflow of the inner atmosphere into the outer atmosphere. The inlet lock comprises a first air curtain, which extends over the inlet lock and which runs upward, and a second air curtain, which is behind the first air curtain in the direction of motion of the objects and which extends over the inlet lock and which runs downward. The outlet lock is designed substantially identically to the inlet lock, however the objects first pass through an air curtain directed downward and then pass through an air curtain directed upward. The conveyor system is designed that the objects are moved continuously and at a substantially constant height through the entire drier housing.

Abstract: A drier comprising a drier chamber inside a drier housing. An inner atmosphere of the drier chamber has an elevated temperature relative to the outer atmosphere. An inlet lock and an outlet lock reduce the inflow of the outer atmosphere into the drier chamber and the outflow of the inner atmosphere into the outer atmosphere. The inlet lock comprises a first air curtain, which extends over the inlet lock and which runs upward, and a second air curtain, which is behind the first air curtain in the direction of motion of the objects and which extends over the inlet lock and which runs downward. The outlet lock is designed substantially identically to the inlet lock, however the objects first pass through an air curtain directed downward and then pass through an air curtain directed upward. The conveyor system is designed that the objects are moved continuously and at a substantially constant height through the entire drier housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hot-air furnace module having a furnace space, which is at least partially delimited by walls and is assigned an air-delivery device for producing an airstream and a heat-transfer device for heating the airstream. According to the invention, an incoming-air channel is provided, which is formed between the air-feed device and the furnace space for guiding the airstream delivered by the air-feed device and which is provided with first and second throttle means, which are arranged at a distance from one another in the direction of flow and are intended to even out the airstream before it flows through the furnace space. Furthermore, according to the invention a hot-air furnace is formed from hot-air furnace modules which are rotated through 180 degrees with respect to one another and are in communication with one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hot-air furnace module having a furnace space, which is at least partially delimited by walls and is assigned an air-delivery device for producing an airstream and a heat-transfer device for heating the airstream. According to the invention, an incoming-air channel is provided, which is formed between the air-feed device and the furnace space for guiding the airstream delivered by the air-feed device and which is provided with first and second throttle means, which are arranged at a distance from one another in the direction of flow and are intended to even out the airstream before it flows through the furnace space. Furthermore, according to the invention a hot-air furnace is formed from hot-air furnace modules which are rotated through 180 degrees with respect to one another and are in communication with one another.