Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly is provided for mitigating the detrimental effect of water or steam on HTPEM membranes. The membrane electrode assembly includes an ion conductive electrolyte membrane, an ion conductive interface layer, a cathode electrode and an anode electrode. The electrolyte membrane is laminated with the ion conductive interface layer on both the cathode side and the anode side or on only one side. The ion conductive interface layer includes a material having sufficiently high ion conductivity and a chemically stable structure to withstand the effect of the elevated temperatures and water. These ion conductive interface layers act as an effective barrier to electrolyte on the membrane side and to the water on the electrode side, while only marginally effecting the overall ion of the electrode conductivity because of the thinness of the layer.

Abstract: A reversible high temperature proton exchange membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell energy production and storage system includes an electrolysis mode and a fuel cell mode. The system operates at elevated temperatures (e.g., 130° C. to 270° C.) and, in an electrolysis mode, converts water vapor to hydrogen. The electrolysis occurs more energy efficiently at higher temperatures as reaction potentials decline and ionic conductivity increases. In addition, when water is in a gaseous state, oxygen removal from the anode is facilitated which improves the reaction kinetics. Coolant is circulated between the stack and a heat exchanger to use excess heat from the stack generated in electrolysis mode to heat water for further electrolysis. Components and subsystems may be powered by electricity generated during fuel cell mode. A series of heat exchangers, pumps, storage tanks, and compressors allow the system to capture efficiencies in both modes of operation.

Abstract: An annular combustor that has angled effusion holes through at least one surface of the combustor liner with the angle of the effusion holes oriented to cause the flow of air through the holes to facilitate swirling of the fuel and air within the combustor. The effusion holes thereby facilitate efficient cooling of the combustor liner combined with superior fuel/air mixing within the combustor.