Abstract: A dip pipe apparatus is disclosed which comprises in combination: first (inner) and second (outer) tubular pipes having about parallel longitudinal axes; the second (outer) pipe having upper and lower pipe portions and means for connecting the same, wherein the diameter of the upper pipe portion is greater than the diameter of the lower pipe portion; the first (inner) pipe being delimited by a first outlet for liquids within the upper portion of the second pipe, which first pipe is defined by a diameter less than the diameter of the lower portion of the second pipe; a second outlet for the subsurface addition of liquids to a reaction mass in the lower pipe portion of the second pipe; and a means for venting gases displaced by the flow of liquids within said apparatus.

Abstract: A highly aligned rare-earth transition metal alloy magnet material such as samarium-cobalt (SmCo.sub.5). The high degree of alignment is evidenced by an isolated X-ray diffraction pattern peak for Cu.sub.k.alpha. radiation at a interplane "d" spacing of 2.0 A.degree. and is produced by very high temperature deposition of the material on a hot surface. The surface temperature is maintained well above 800 degrees centigrade and most preferably is initially set at approximately 1020 degrees centigrade or higher at which temperature the isolated diffraction pattern peak dominates. A higher temperature typically occurs during deposition. Deposition of the material on the surface typically takes place by application of the material as a fine, homogeneously sized powder to the plasma flame of a plasma torch. The surface may be preheated by the application of the plasma flame to the surface without the application of the powdered material.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for forming radial orientation rare earth-transition metal magnets in continuous arc rings by hot isostatic pressing. A method includes the steps of compacting rare earth-transition metal powders having a particle size up to 40 microns into radially oriented rings in a mold provided with a radially aligning field, stacking a plurality of compacted radially oriented rings within an annular cavity within a sealed, evacuated canister to form a cylinder of a predetermined height, subjecting the canister to temperatures in the range of 900.degree. to 1150.degree. C. under a gas pressure of 15 kpsi to densify the compacts, and cooling the canister and the compacts to room temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for forming radial orientation rare earth-transition metal magnets in continuous arc rings by hot isostatic pressing. A method includes the steps of compacting rare earth-transition metal powders having a particle size up to 40 microns into radially oriented rings in a mold provided with a radially aligning field, stacking a plurality of compacted radially oriented rings within an annular cavity within a sealed, evacuated cannister to form a cylinder of a predetermined height, subjecting the cannister to temperatures in the range of 900.degree. to 1150.degree. C. under a gas pressure of 15 kpsi to densify the compacts, and cooling the cannister and the compacts to room temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus for the formation of a molded article from powders and powder compacts of a material by pressure compaction of the powders under the influence of a thermally driven differential volume expansion of first and second elements constraining the powders. The volume expansion achieves a trippling of the compaction effect.

Abstract: A plasma-spray technique using rapid temperature quenching transforms commercially available .beta.-rhombohedral boron in powder form into thick, dense wafers of crystalline .gamma.-tetragonal boron.

Abstract: Process for the formation of precipitation hardened beryllium-nickel, beryllium-iron, and beryllium-cobalt alloys and cermets for structural and bearing use respectively in precision instruments and such alloys and cermets. A beryllium-nickel, -iron, or -cobalt high solute solution at elevated temperature is rapidly cooled to provide a readily machined solid solution. After machining, the alloy is reheated to an intermediate temperature under controlled conditions where precipitation hardening occurs through limited precipitate cluster formation. A cermet is formed in the process with the addition of a ceramic material to the beryllium alloy in the initial steps.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for forming plasma sprayed high density, high coercivity permanent magnet material and permanent magnets formed therefrom. The plasma sprayed permanent magnet material is obtained in a substantially amorphous state resulting from specifically controlled plasma spray parameters. The amorphous deposition possesses high coercivity, density and potential residual magnetism. The as-sprayed magnetic material is preferably heat treated and then densified to nearly maximum theoretical density. The amorphous structure permits retention of substantially all of the coercivity after heat treatment as well as densification to well over 95% of maximum theoretical density.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for thermally isostatically densifying a sample, including placing the sample to be densified into a pressure vessel filled with a thermally expansive pressurizing medium with the medium intermediate the vessel and sample; and varying the thermal energy of the medium to cause it to expand and exert increased pressure to densify the sample.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the formation of a molded article from powders and powder compacts of a material by pressure compaction of the powders under the influence of a thermally driven differential volume expansion of first and second elements constraining the powders. The volume expansion achieves a trippling of the compaction effect.

Abstract: Permanent magnets formed from rare earth cobalt compounds have high energy products. One rare earth cobalt composition, formulated by metallurgical sintering techniques, is a composition of a rare earth and cobalt such as samarium and cobalt containing about 37.2 weight per cent samarium which corresponds to 60 proportions of SmCo.sub.5 for each 40 proportions of Sm.sub.2 Co.sub.7. This composition is an excellent permanent magnet having an energy product at least as high as 15 .times. 10.sup.6 gauss-oersteds and up to 20 .times. 10.sup.6 gauss-oersteds or higher. SmCo.sub.5 contains roughly 33.8 weight per cent samarium, and Sm.sub.2 Co.sub.7 about 42.2 weight per cent samarium; I have found that samarium-cobalt materials containing samarium between about 36.5 weight per cent and about 38 weight per cent are preferred and can be developed into magnets of greatly improved properties. The samarium-cobalt magnet of this invention is basically comprised of crystals of SmCo.sub.5 and Sm.sub.2 Co.sub.