Abstract: A laser, an optical module, and an apparatus are provided. The laser includes a gain region waveguide, a feedback waveguide, a first end face, and a second end face. The gain region waveguide and the feedback waveguide are located between the first end face and the second end face, an end of the gain region waveguide is connected to an end of the feedback waveguide, and the feedback waveguide) is located on a side that is of the gain region waveguide and that is close to the second end face. The first end face and the second end face are configured to transmit light in the gain region waveguide and the feedback waveguide, and the first end face is configured to transmit laser light.

Abstract: An efficient and economical method for synthesizing Fasudil hydrochloride includes the synthesis route starts with inexpensive and readily available ethylenediamine as the starting material, obtains intermediate tert butyl-(N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinoline sulfonamide) carbamate (5) through sulfonylation and Boc protection, and then obtains Fasudil hydrochloride through a stacking process, which includes four steps: nucleophilic substitution, deprotection, cyclization, and salt formation. The total yield of Fasudil hydrochloride (1) is 67.1%, with a purity of up to 99.94%. Compared with traditional processes, the route avoids the use of expensive homopiperazine and its derivatives as synthetic intermediates. The advantages of the process include cheap and easy to obtain raw materials, simple operation, low cost, environmental friendliness, and suitability for industrial production.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for summarizing multiple documents by generating a model of the documents as a mixture of document clusters, each document in turn having a mixture of sentences, wherein the model simultaneously representing summarization information and document cluster structure; and determining a loss function for evaluating the model and optimizing the model.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for summarizing a plurality of documents, by extracting sentence candidates from the documents; dividing the documents into one or more groups; selecting one or more discriminant sentences for each group using a discriminant criterion; and generating one or more summaries for the one or more groups based on the selected sentences.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for summarizing multiple documents by generating a model of the documents as a mixture of document clusters, each document in turn having a mixture of sentences, wherein the model simultaneously representing summarization information and document cluster structure; and determining a loss function for evaluating the model and optimizing the model.