Abstract: A method (of generating a layout diagram) includes identifying, in the layout diagram, a group of three or more cells arranged so as to exhibit two or more edge-pairs (EPs) that are edge-wise abutted relative to a first direction. The method further includes, for each of at least one but fewer than all of the three or more cells, selectively moving a given one of cells corresponding to one of the members of the corresponding EP resulting in at least a minimum gap in the first direction between the members of the corresponding EP.

Abstract: A method (of generating a layout diagram) includes identifying, in the layout diagram, a group of three or more cells arranged so as to exhibit two or more edge-pairs (EPs) that are edge-wise abutted relative to a first direction. The method further includes, for each of at least one but fewer than all of the three or more cells, selectively moving a given one of cells corresponding to one of the members of the corresponding EP resulting in at least a minimum gap in the first direction between the members of the corresponding EP.

Abstract: A method (of generating a layout diagram) includes: identifying, in the layout diagram, a group of three or more cells which violates a horizontal constraint vector (HCV) and is arranged so as to exhibit two or more vertically-aligned edge-pairs (VEPs); each VEP including two members representing at least partial portions of vertical edges of corresponding cells of the group; relative to a horizontal direction, the members of each VEP being disposed in edgewise-abutment and separated by a corresponding actual gap; and the HCV having separation thresholds, each of which has a corresponding VEP and represents a corresponding minimum gap in the horizontal direction between the members of the corresponding VEP; and for each of at least one but fewer than all of the separation thresholds, selectively moving a given one of cells corresponding to one of the members of the corresponding VEP thereby to avoid violating the HCV.

Abstract: A method (of generating a layout diagram) includes: identifying, in the layout diagram, a group of three or more cells which violates a horizontal constraint vector (HCV) and is arranged so as to exhibit two or more vertically-aligned edge-pairs (VEPs); each VEP including two members representing at least partial portions of vertical edges of corresponding cells of the group; relative to a horizontal direction, the members of each VEP being disposed in edgewise-abutment and separated by a corresponding actual gap; and the HCV having separation thresholds, each of which has a corresponding VEP and represents a corresponding minimum gap in the horizontal direction between the members of the corresponding VEP; and for each of at least one but fewer than all of the separation thresholds, selectively moving a given one of cells corresponding to one of the members of the corresponding VEP thereby to avoid violating the HCV.

Abstract: A method (of generating a layout diagram) includes: identifying, in the layout diagram, a group of three or more cells which violates a horizontal constraint vector (HCV) and is arranged so as to exhibit two or more vertically-aligned edge-pairs (VEPs); each VEP including two members representing at least partial portions of vertical edges of corresponding cells of the group; relative to a horizontal direction, the members of each VEP being disposed in edgewise-abutment and separated by a corresponding actual gap; and the HCV having separation thresholds, each of which has a corresponding VEP and represents a corresponding minimum gap in the horizontal direction between the members of the corresponding VEP; and for each of at least one but fewer than all of the separation thresholds, selectively moving a given one of cells corresponding to one of the members of the corresponding VEP thereby to avoid violating the HCV.

Abstract: A method (of generating a layout diagram) includes: identifying, in the layout diagram, a group of three or more cells which violates a horizontal constraint vector (HCV) and is arranged so as to exhibit two or more vertically-aligned edge-pairs (VEPs); each VEP including two members representing at least partial portions of vertical edges of corresponding cells of the group; relative to a horizontal direction, the members of each VEP being disposed in edgewise-abutment and separated by a corresponding actual gap; and the HCV having separation thresholds, each of which has a corresponding VEP and represents a corresponding minimum gap in the horizontal direction between the members of the corresponding VEP; and for each of at least one but fewer than all of the separation thresholds, selectively moving a given one of cells corresponding to one of the members of the corresponding VEP thereby to avoid violating the HCV.

Abstract: A dynamic power equalizer comprises an array waveguide grating having an input waveguide and an output waveguide at one end, and an input waveguide group and an output waveguide group at the other end. The double loops are composed of the input waveguide and the output waveguide group, and the input waveguide group and the output waveguide are used to process the input optical signal components having different powers into the output optical signal having a single and equalized optical power through wavelength-division de-multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing, thus achieving dynamic optical power equalization.

Abstract: A thermo-optic wave-guide switch. The switch selectively switches the paths of an optical signal. The thermo-optic wave-guide switch includes a multi-mode wave-guide having an input port, a first output port and a second output port, and a thin film heater formed on the side of the multi-mode wave-guide. When the thin film heater does not provide the multi-mode wave-guide with heat and a signal is received by the input port, the first output port outputs the signal in a cross state according to the self-image theorem, and when the thin film heater provides the multi-mode wave-guide with heat and a signal is received by the input port, the second output port outputs the signal in a bar state.

Abstract: A thermo-optic wave-guide switch. The switch selectively switches the paths of an optical signal. The thermo-optic wave-guide switch includes a multi-mode wave-guide having an input port, a first output port and a second output port, and a thin film heater formed on the side of the multi-mode wave-guide. When the thin film heater does not provide the multi-mode wave-guide with heat and a signal is received by the input port, the first output port outputs the signal in a cross state according to the self-image theorem, and when the thin film heater provides the multi-mode wave-guide with heat and a signal is received by the input port, the second output port outputs the signal in a bar state.

Abstract: Along with several few-channel and low-density wavelength division multiplexer/de-multiplexer, a novel planar lightwave circuit (PLC) interleaver is invented to achieve high-density wavelength division multiplexing and de-multiplexing in a wavelength division multiplexing fiber communication system. The invention uses a PLC as its basic structure and applies the principle that the product of the number of output optical waveguides and the channel spacing is equal to the free spectral range of the spectrum of any output optical waveguide to make a compact PLC interleaver.

Abstract: A fiber-optic switchable wavelength filter comprises a fiber grating positioned in the thin section of the fiber, a horn with the tip attached to the side of the fiber, and a piezoelectric transducer fixed to the bottom of the horn. Upon receiving a voltage signal, the piezoelectric transducer can create acoustic wave in the horn, wherein the amplitude of the acoustic vibration in the horn is controlled by the magnitude of the voltage signal. The vibration energy is transferred and focused from the horn to the fiber, such that the operation wavelength is switched by changing the reflectivity of the optical signal at the Bragg wavelength and the reflectivity of the optical signal at the cladding-mode coupling wavelength.

Abstract: A partial reflective laser output device comprising a partial reflective unit mounted on a laser output device (such as a vertical cavity emitting laser), the partial reflective unit allowing the laser beam emitted from the laser output device to be partially reflected while the rest penetrating through. On one hand, this device decreases the intensity of output laser light so as to comply with the eye safety standard; the reflected light is absorbed by a photodiode (PD) to perform auto power control on the laser output device on the other. In addition, by adjusting the tilting angle of the partial reflective unit or making a curvature thereon, the reflected light can have no destructive interference with the output light and can even be focused onto the PD so that there would be no relative intensity noise problem and the size of the PD can be made smaller to lower the cost.

Abstract: Along with several few-channel and low-density wavelength division multiplexer/de-multiplexer, a novel planar lightwave circuit(PLC) interleaver is invented to achieve high-density wavelength division multiplexing and de-multiplexing in a wavelength division multiplexing fiber communication system. The invention uses a PLC as its basic structure and applies the principle that the product of the number of output optical waveguides and the channel spacing is equal to the free spectral range of the spectrum of any output optical waveguide to make a compact PLC interleaver.

Abstract: A reflectivity-tunable fiber reflector is disclosed. The Bragg reflectivity of the fiber grating is modulated by exciting the transverse vibration of the fiber through an acoustic wave. The excitation of the transverse vibration, leading to fiber grating tilting and fiber micro-bending, induces the coupling of the fiber core mode into cladding modes. This leads to the reduction of core-mode power and hence that of Bragg reflection. This mechanism is applied by this invention to control the reflectivity of a fiber optic Bragg grating after fabrication. The fiber reflector is suitable for fiber-compatible acousto-optical switching.