Abstract: A method of processing raw coal using activation agents (e.g., solvents and extractants) in a high shear reactor, which creates high shearing forces to break apart the coal and selectively extract and remove contaminants such as ash, sulfur, and other heavy metal impurities resulting in clean, high caloric-value coal.

Abstract: A method of processing raw coal using activation agents (e.g., solvents and extractants) in a high shear reactor, which creates high shearing forces to break apart the coal and selectively extract and remove contaminants such as ash, sulfur, and other heavy metal impurities resulting in clean, high caloric-value coal.

Abstract: A method for treating a carbonaceous biochar electrode with an applied electric potential and resulting electric current, while submerged in an electrolyte, is disclosed in order to increase the biochar electrode's pore surface area and pore hierarchy, to affect a cleaning of unwanted materials and compounds from within the electrode and to optionally plate materials onto the surface pores of the electrode, such as graphene or metals, thus increasing the energy storage capacity of the biochar electrode when used in an energy storage device. Exemplary applications include electrodes for ultra-capacitors, pseudo-capacitors, batteries, fuel cells and other absorbing and desorbing applications.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a highly activated, highly porous, highly electrically conductive net-shaped monolithic electrode for use in an electrical energy storage device including an ultracapacitor, pseudo-capacitor, battery, or in an electricity producing device such as a fuel-cell or in a gas producing device, such as a hydrogen generator or an oxygen generator.

Abstract: A method of processing raw coal using activation agents (e.g., solvents and extractants) in a high shear reactor, which creates high shearing forces to break apart the coal and selectively extract and remove contaminants such as ash, sulfur, and other heavy metal impurities resulting in clean, high caloric-value coal.

Abstract: A method for treating a carbonaceous biochar electrode with an applied electric potential and resulting electric current, while submerged in an electrolyte, is disclosed in order to increase the biochar electrode's pore surface area and pore hierarchy, to affect a cleaning of unwanted materials and compounds from within the electrode and to optionally plate materials onto the surface pores of the electrode, such as graphene or metals, thus increasing the energy storage capacity of the biochar electrode when used in an energy storage device. Exemplary applications include electrodes for ultra-capacitors, pseudo-capacitors, batteries, fuel cells and other absorbing and desorbing applications.

Abstract: An end-to-end system/process for producing advantageous end products from a raw biomass feedstock is provided. The process includes steps for enhancing biomaterial feedstock, biochar generation and end-product fabrication. The method steps may be employed in selecting, treating and handling biomass materials and their additive inputs to tailor their end performance. Each operative step in the process may be employed to enhance the overall effectiveness of biochar generation and use. Charring furnace design and operational parameters are provided that generate desirable biochar material for various applications, including specifically fabrication of ultra-capacitor electrodes and electric battery components.

Abstract: An end-to-end system/process for producing advantageous end products from a raw biomass feedstock is provided. The process includes steps for enhancing biomaterial feedstock, biochar generation and end-product fabrication. The method steps may be employed in selecting, treating and handling biomass materials and their additive inputs to tailor their end performance. Each operative step in the process may be employed to enhance the overall effectiveness of biochar generation and use. Charring furnace design and operational parameters are provided that generate desirable biochar material for various applications, including specifically fabrication of ultra-capacitor electrodes and electric battery components.

Abstract: An end-to-end system/process for producing advantageous end products from a raw biomass feedstock is provided. The process includes steps for enhancing biomaterial feedstock, biochar generation and end-product fabrication. The method steps may be employed in selecting, treating and handling biomass materials and their additive inputs to tailor their end performance. Each operative step in the process may be employed to enhance the overall effectiveness of biochar generation and use. Charring furnace design and operational parameters are provided that generate desirable biochar material for various applications, including specifically fabrication of ultra-capacitor electrodes and electric battery components.