Abstract: Gradient permittivity films are described. In particular, gradient permittivity films that include a first continuous matrix of a first component having a first relative permittivity and a second component disposed within the continuous matrix having a second relative permittivity. The first permittivity is greater than the second permittivity for at least one wavelength between 20 GHz and 300 GHz. Such films may be useful in improving the signal to noise ratio for transmitting and receiving units behind a protective cover.

Abstract: Radar retroreflective (R3) devices including an electromagnetic absorber are provided. The electromagnetic absorber is disposed on selected areas of the device to reduce specular reflection without substantially reducing retroreflection of the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a green carbon paste comprising electrically calcined anthracite coal (ECA) and a green binder comprising glucose, glycerol and a minimum amount of epoxy resin which is used as a tamping/ramming paste in lining cathodes in an aluminium electrolysis cell. The binder is substantially devoid of volatile organic compounds and thereby the paste is environment friendly.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a tumor volume from image data obtained from a functional scanner. The methods and systems can include identifying a portion within a region of interest corresponding to a liver that varies in intensity with its corresponding neighboring portion by a threshold. The method and systems can further include determining a volume of the portion without identifying a boundary of the portion. The portion can also be tracked over time. The image data can include a scan from a SPECT scanner.

Abstract: Anti-reflective assemblies comprise: a high dielectric permittivity substrate comprising a ceramic and a nonporous multilayer anti-reflective film contacting or adhesively bonded to the substrate. The nonporous multilayer anti-reflective film comprises sequential first, second, and third layers of sequentially decreasing dielectric permittivity. Each layer comprises a respective polymer matrix and filler particles.

Abstract: A composite comprising a polymeric matrix and EM absorbers dispersed within the polymeric matrix. Each EM absorber comprises a ceramic particle having a surface, and a magnetic coating on at least a portion of the surface of the ceramic particle. The EM absorbers function as dielectric and magnetic absorbers in the 1-100 GHz frequency range. The composite can be used as an electromagnetic shielding article to mitigate electromagnetic interference in, for example, high speed, high frequency (HSHF) consumer electronics.

Abstract: A composite comprising a polymeric matrix and EM absorbers dispersed within the polymeric matrix. Each EM absorber comprises a dielectric flake, and a continuous magnetic coating on at least one major surface of the dielectric flake. The EM absorbers function as dielectric and magnetic absorbers in the 1-100 GHz frequency range. The composite can be used as an electromagnetic shielding article to mitigate electromagnetic interference in, for example, high speed, high frequency (HSHF) consumer electronics.

Abstract: Electric field grading compositions comprise a particulate cupric oxide dispersed in a matrix material, wherein the electric field grading composition has a threshold voltage, a breakdown voltage, and exhibits a reversible electric field switchable current-voltage relationship that substantially follows the equation: I=kV? wherein: I is current in amperes; k is a constant greater than 0; V is applied voltage in volts, wherein V is between the threshold voltage and the breakdown voltage, inclusive; and ? is a real number greater than 1. The electric field grading composition is useful for reducing electric field stress at a joint or termination of a conductive substrate. Articles including the electric field grading disposed on a surface of a conductive substrate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A multilayer electric field grading article comprises first and second layers forming a discrete interface. The first layer comprises a first electric field grading composition comprising first particles dispersed in a first matrix material. The second layer comprises a second electric field grading composition comprising second particles, compositionally different than the first particles, dispersed in a second matrix material. The first and second layers have respective first and second degrees of nonlinearity between respective first and second onset voltages and corresponding first and second breakdown voltages. The first and second layers taken together have a combined onset voltage that is higher than the first and second onset voltages, and the first and second layers taken together have a greater combined degree of nonlinearity than each of the first and second degrees of nonlinearity taken individually.

Abstract: A high voltage capacitor for a voltage divider is described that is configured to sense an elevated voltage for medium and high voltage electrical distribution networks. The high voltage capacitor comprises a high voltage electrode, a measurement electrode, and an dielectric material disposed between the high voltage and measurement electrodes, wherein the dielectric material consists essentially of lanthanum oxide-zirconium oxide-titanium oxide (LZT) glass filler disposed in an insulating polymer matrix such that the capacitance of the dielectric material does not vary by more than +/?0.5% in the temperature range of ?20° C. to 60° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a system and method for measuring the structural characteristics of an object. The object is subjected to an energy application processes and provides an objective, quantitative measurement of structural characteristics of an object. The system may include a device, for example, a percussion instrument, capable of being reproducibly placed against the object undergoing such measurement for reproducible positioning. The structural characteristics as defined herein may include vibration damping capacities, acoustic damping capacities, structural integrity or structural stability.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a tumor volume from image data obtained from a functional scanner. The methods and systems can include identifying a portion within a region of interest corresponding to a liver that varies in intensity with its corresponding neighboring portion by a threshold. The method and systems can further include determining a volume of the portion without identifying a boundary of the portion. The portion can also be tracked over time. The image data can include a scan from a SPECT scanner.

Abstract: Gradient permittivity films are described. In particular, gradient permittivity films including a plurality of layers each having a thickness where at least one layer is perforated and has a different air volume fraction from another of the plurality of layers by at least 0.05. Such films may be useful in improving the signal to noise ratio for transmitting and receiving units operating between 20 GHz and 300 GHz behind a protective cover.

Abstract: Radar standing wave dampening systems and components are described. In particular, systems and components including an absorber composite including at least one of ceramic filler, magnetic filler, or conductive filler materials are described. Such components can reduce the intensity of standing waves and may also be combined in systems with one or more gradient permittivity tapes or films.

Abstract: A vehicle control system and method includes identifying a segment of a route where one or more first vehicle systems were operated manually instead of operated by one or more processors according to one or more trip plans during prior traversals of the segment by the one or more first vehicle systems. A segment plan is generated for traversing the segment under control of the one or more processors. The segment plan is generated based on how the one or more first vehicle systems were manually operated during the prior traversals of the segment. One or more second vehicle systems are controlled with the one or more processors to traverse the segment according to the segment plan.

Abstract: A waveguide for receiving an incident electromagnetic wave (EMW) having an operating frequency ? includes an array of spaced apart unit cells arranged along the waveguide. The unit cells are configured to resonantly couple to the incident EMW and radiate an EMW at the operating frequency propagating inside and along the waveguide. Each unit cell is configured to couple to the incident EMW with a first coupling efficiency and includes a dielectric body configured to couple to the incident EMW with a second coupling efficiency and one or more metal layers disposed on and partially covering the dielectric body. The second coupling efficiency is substantially smaller than the first coupling efficiency. A communication system includes the waveguide and a transceiver configured to emit an EMW having the operating frequency ?.

Abstract: Provided herein is an eco-friendly cold ramming mixture comprising the following by weight percentage: 88 wt % to 84 wt % of calcined anthracite coal; and 12 wt % to 16 wt % of an epoxy resin.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a tumor volume from image data obtained from a functional scanner. The methods and systems can include identifying a portion within a region of interest corresponding to a liver that varies in intensity with its corresponding neighboring portion by a threshold. The method and systems can further include determining a volume of the portion without identifying a boundary of the portion. The portion can also be tracked over time. The image data can include a scan from a SPECT scanner.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a system and method for measuring the structural characteristics of an object. The object is subjected to an energy application processes and provides an objective, quantitative measurement of structural characteristics of an object. The system may include a device, for example, a percussion instrument, capable of being reproducibly placed against the object undergoing such measurement for reproducible positioning. The structural characteristics as defined herein may include vibration damping capacities, acoustic damping capacities, structural integrity or structural stability.

Abstract: An article incorporates an enhanced dielectric breakdown strength and enhanced energy storage density composite material comprising a polymer matrix and hybrid filler particles comprising graphene oxide (GO) and a thermally conductive ceramic material having a thermal conductivity of at least 2 W/(m#K). The hybrid filler particles are distributed within the polymer matrix in a weight percentage less than about 15 weight percent.