Abstract: A system for diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) vessel pressure relief for a vehicle is includes a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) storage tank, and a DEF pump assembly in an interior of the DEF storage tank. The DEF pump assembly includes a DEF pump having a pump body, a fluid pressure sensor fastened to an exterior of the pump body and configured to sense a DEF pressure, and a fluid temperature sensor fastened to the exterior of the pump body and configured to sense a DEF temperature. The system further includes a fluid channel, and a heating element in thermal communication with the fluid channel, where the heating element is configured to heat the fluid channel to displace DEF from a location proximate to the pump body.

Abstract: A system for diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) vessel pressure relief for a vehicle is includes a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) storage tank, and a DEF pump assembly in an interior of the DEF storage tank. The DEF pump assembly includes a DEF pump having a pump body, a fluid pressure sensor fastened to an exterior of the pump body and configured to sense a DEF pressure, and a fluid temperature sensor fastened to the exterior of the pump body and configured to sense a DEF temperature. The system further includes a fluid channel, and a heating element in thermal communication with the fluid channel, where the heating element is configured to heat the fluid channel to displace DEF from a location proximate to the pump body.

Abstract: A flow shifting fuel cell with water separator. The water separator is used to control the amount of moisture that passes through the anode flowpath of one or more fuel cells in one or more fuel cell stacks. The water separator is made up of a housing to direct the flow of a moisture-bearing fluid as well as act as a collection and container for separated moisture. Fluid that is cyclically passing through the fuel cell stack as part of its flow shifting mode of operation oscillates back and forth across a separation chamber formed within the water separator, thereby allowing bidirectional control of the moisture content within the fluid. A drain is formed in the separation chamber to allow removal of condensed water.

Abstract: Clearance gaps in the inactive feed regions of a fuel cell stack are controlled by non-bonded, non-nested bipolar plates to provide reactant flow uniformity and pressure within fuel cells and fuel cell stacks utilizing nested bipolar plates in the active feed regions and non-nested bipolar plates in the inactive feed regions.

Abstract: A flow shifting fuel cell with water separator. The water separator is used to control the amount of moisture that passes through the anode flowpath of one or more fuel cells in one or more fuel cell stacks. The water separator is made up of a housing to direct the flow of a moisture-bearing fluid as well as act as a collection and container for separated moisture. Fluid that is cyclically passing through the fuel cell stack as part of its flow shifting mode of operation oscillates back and forth across a separation chamber formed within the water separator, thereby allowing bidirectional control of the moisture content within the fluid. A drain is formed in the separation chamber to allow removal of condensed water.

Abstract: A fluid distribution assembly for use in a fuel cell includes a separator plate having a major face. A boundary element is disposed over the major face. A flow field communicates reactant in a flow direction across the separator plate. The flow field is defined by a plurality of knobs formed on the separator plate extending from the major face toward the boundary element.

Abstract: Clearance gaps in the inactive feed regions of a fuel cell stack are controlled by non-bonded, non-nested bipolar plates to provide reactant flow uniformity and pressure within fuel cells and fuel cell stacks utilizing nested bipolar plates in the active feed regions and non-nested bipolar plates in the inactive feed regions.

Abstract: A fluid distribution assembly for use in a fuel cell includes a separator plate having a major face. A boundary element is disposed over the major face. A flow field communicates reactant in a flow direction across the separator plate. The flow field is defined by a plurality of knobs formed on the separator plate extending from the major face toward the boundary element.