Abstract: An exhaust pipe formed from two pipe elbows each having a pipe wall and a center axis, each pipe elbow being formed from two half shells, wherein each half shell has an inner edge side (Ri) and an outer edge side (Ra), and the inner edge sides and the outer edge sides can be brought into contact with each other in order to form the pipe elbow, wherein each pipe elbow has an end (S1, S2) and the two ends (S1, S2) can be brought into contact with each other in order to form the exhaust pipe. All four half shells are identical parts, wherein each pipe elbow has only one inlet opening (E1, E2) and only one outlet opening (A1, A2).

Abstract: One embodiment includes a combination including a secondary air pump; and a first control valve constructed and arranged to control flow of air into the secondary air pump from one or more lines connected to the first control valve; and/or a second control valve constructed and arranged to control flow of air from the secondary air pump through one or more lines connected to the second control valve. The combination being particularly useful in a system including a combustion engine.

Abstract: One embodiment includes a combination including a secondary air pump; and a first control valve constructed and arranged to control flow of air into the secondary air pump from one or more lines connected to the first control valve; and/or a second control valve constructed and arranged to control flow of air from the secondary air pump through one or more lines connected to the second control valve. The combination being particularly useful in a system including a combustion engine.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention includes a method comprising: in a combustion engine breathing system having an air intake side and a combustion exhaust side, injecting air from the air intake side into the combustion gas exhaust side.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) valve (10) comprises a valve opening (14), a valve member (16) that can be moved between a position which closes the valve opening (14) and a position which releases the valve opening (14), and further comprises a flow-guidance member (24), wherein the valve member (16), in the position that releases the valve opening (14), is disposed at least in part behind said flow-guidance member (24), when viewed from the central flow axis.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) valve (10) comprises a valve opening (14), a valve member (16) that can be moved between a position which closes the valve opening (14) and a position which releases the valve opening (14), and further comprises a flow-guidance member (24), wherein the valve member (16), in the position that releases the valve opening (14), is disposed at least in part behind said flow-guidance member (24), when viewed from the central flow axis.