Abstract: A lead for use in neural stimulation comprises a core section having a proximal end and a distal end. A plurality of electrodes is coupled to the core section proximate the distal end. At least one contact is coupled to the core section proximate the proximal end. At least one thin film is wound around the core section from the proximal end to the distal end and electrically coupling the at least one contact and the plurality of electrodes. The at least one thin film forms a curved substantially planar shape in a relaxed state before being wound around the core section.

Abstract: A lead for use in neural stimulation comprises a core section having a proximal end and a distal end. A plurality of electrodes is coupled to the core section proximate the distal end. At least one contact is coupled to the core section proximate the proximal end. At least one thin film is wound around the core section from the proximal end to the distal end and electrically coupling the at least one contact and the plurality of electrodes. The at least one thin film forms a curved substantially planar shape in a relaxed state before being wound around the core section.

Abstract: A lighting system having a gas discharge lamp and a stabilization ballast further includes a low loss device to reduce the current through the ballast and lamp, thereby reducing system wattage for energy savings. For a lead-type ballast, the current reducing device is a capacitive device in parallel with the discharge lamp. For a lag-type ballast, the device is an inductive device in parallel with the lamp. The device may be in a housing connected between the lamp ballast and the lamp, or may be included within the outer envelope of the discharge lamp. This enables an existing system to be easily retrofit without disturbing the existing ballast.

Abstract: The lamp has a holder body in which an end portion of the discharge vessel is secured. A light-receiving window of a photoelectrical element is positioned inside the holder body and aimed at a sealed end portion of the discharge vessel. The photoelectrical element may be connected to the control of the electric supply of the lamp in order to obtain a high luminous flux within a short period after ignition of the lamp. External factors have little influence on the control action thanks to the position of the window.