Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a method, apparatus, and machine-readable storage medium including one or more of the following: creating keypaths into the digital twin that accesses a structural property stored in the digital twin; identifying a constraint for the physical structure associated with the keypaths, creating a cost function from the keypaths and the constraint; and optimizing a value for structural property using the cost function, where the structural property stored in the digital twin is corrected.

Abstract: Copy Number Variants (CNV) detection methods may integrate CNV detection into workflow for next generation sequencer (NGS) data processing, in parallel with SNP and INDEL variant calling. CNV detection methods may analyze coverage patterns across a set of genomic regions and across samples from different patients. The methods do not require specifically chosen reference samples as, but automatically select reference samples from the same batch, for each sample tested. CNV detection methods may detect CNVs in a set of samples without assumptions about CNV status of any of those samples. Embodiments herein may apply the CNV detection scheme iteratively to improve detection performance. The proposed methods may further comprise the step of iteratively feeding back information about the CNVs in the samples into the next iteration step. The methods may also use information from the NGS workflow, such as information on SNP fractions, as input to the NGS CNV detection.

Abstract: Copy Number Variants (CNV) detection methods described herein may efficiently integrate CNV detection into the workflow for a next generation sequencer (NGS) data processing, in parallel with SNP and INDEL variant calling. CNV detection methods as described herein may be performed by analyzing the coverage pattern across a suitable set of genomic regions or amplicons and across a batch of samples from different patients. The proposed methods do not require the use of specifically chosen reference samples as inputs to the workflow, but rather automatically select a set of reference samples from the same batch, for each sample being tested. The CNV detection methods may reliably detect CNVs in a set of samples without prior assumptions about the CNV status of any of those samples. Embodiments described herein may also apply the CNV detection scheme iteratively to further improve the detection performance, especially in the case of more frequent CNV occurrence.

Abstract: Copy Number Variants (CNV) detection methods described herein may efficiently integrate CNV detection into the workflow for a next generation sequencer (NGS) data processing, in parallel with SNP and INDEL variant calling. CNV detection methods as described herein may be performed by analyzing the coverage pattern across a suitable set of genomic regions or amplicons and across a batch of samples from different patients. The proposed methods do not require the use of specifically chosen reference samples as inputs to the workflow, but rather automatically select a set of reference samples from the same batch, for each sample being tested. The CNV detection methods may reliably detect CNVs in a set of samples without prior assumptions about the CNV status of any of those samples. Embodiments described herein may also apply the CNV detection scheme iteratively to further improve the detection performance, especially in the case of more frequent CNV occurrence.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for depositing uniform coatings using cylindrical magnetron sputtering. The devices and methods of the invention are useful in depositing coatings on non-cylindrical workpiece surfaces. An assembly of electromagnets located within the bore of a hollow cylindrical emitter is used to form a magnetic field exterior to and near the exterior surface of the emitter. The magnet assembly configuration is selected to provide a magnetic field configuration compatible with the workpiece surface contour. The electromagnet assembly may be a plurality of magnet units, each unit having at least one electromagnet. The magnetic field strength from each magnet unit is separately and electrically adjustable. Each electromagnet in the assembly has a coil of electrically conducting material surrounding a specially shaped core of magnetic material.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for depositing uniform coatings using cylindrical magnetron sputtering. The devices and methods of the invention are useful in depositing coatings on non-cylindrical workpiece surfaces. An assembly of electromagnets located within the bore of a hollow cylindrical emitter is used to form a magnetic field exterior to and near the exterior surface of the emitter. The magnet assembly configuration is selected to provide a magnetic field configuration compatible with the workpiece surface contour. The electromagnet assembly may be a plurality of magnet units, each unit having at least one electromagnet. The magnetic field strength from each magnet unit is separately and electrically adjustable. Each electromagnet in the assembly has a coil of electrically conducting material surrounding a specially shaped core of magnetic material.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for depositing uniform coatings using cylindrical magnetron sputtering. The devices and methods of the invention are useful in depositing coatings on non-cylindrical workpiece surfaces. An assembly of electromagnets located within the bore of a hollow cylindrical emitter is used to form a magnetic field exterior to and near the exterior surface of the emitter. The magnet assembly configuration is selected to provide a magnetic field configuration compatible with the workpiece surface contour. The electromagnet assembly may be a plurality of magnet units, each unit having at least one electromagnet. The magnetic field strength from each magnet unit is separately and electrically adjustable. Each electromagnet in the assembly has a coil of electrically conducting material surrounding a specially shaped core of magnetic material.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for depositing uniform coatings using cylindrical magnetron sputtering. The devices and methods of the invention are useful in depositing coatings on non-cylindrical workpiece surfaces. An assembly of electromagnets located within the bore of a hollow cylindrical emitter is used to form a magnetic field exterior to and near the exterior surface of the emitter. The magnet assembly configuration is selected to provide a magnetic field configuration compatible with the workpiece surface contour. The electromagnet assembly may be a plurality of magnet units, each unit having at least one electromagnet. The magnetic field strength from each magnet unit is separately and electrically adjustable. Each electromagnet in the assembly has a coil of electrically conducting material surrounding a specially shaped core of magnetic material.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for depositing uniform coatings using cylindrical magnetron sputtering. The devices and methods of the invention are useful in depositing coatings on non-cylindrical workpiece surfaces. An assembly of electromagnets located within the bore of a hollow cylindrical emitter is used to form a magnetic field exterior to and near the exterior surface of the emitter. The magnet assembly configuration is selected to provide a magnetic field configuration compatible with the workpiece surface contour. The electromagnet assembly may be a plurality of magnet units, each unit having at least one electromagnet. The magnetic field strength from each magnet unit is separately and electrically adjustable. Each electromagnet in the assembly has a coil of electrically conducting material surrounding a specially shaped core of magnetic material.