Abstract: A system for generating and detecting transient vapor nanobubbles in a fluid from a patient can include a micro-fluidic device to receive a flow of the fluid from the patient, a laser pulse source to provide a laser pulse to the flow of the fluid from a first side of the micro-fluidic device, a probe light source to provide a probe light to the flow from the first side of the micro-fluidic device, and a photodetector located at a second side of the micro-fluidic device opposite the first side. The photodetector can detect scattered, reflected, and/or deflected probe light and output a nanobubble signal including characteristics of optical scattering, reflecting, and/or deflecting by the transient vapor nanobubble.

Abstract: Processes of intraoperative diagnosis and elimination of tumors or micro-tumors or cancer cells or tumor micro-environment (TME) with plasmonic nanobubbles (PNBs) are disclosed. The diagnosis and surgical processes disclosed can improve standard onco-surgery through one or more of the following: real-time intraoperative local detection of MRD in vivo with high cancer sensitivity and specificity; real-time guidance of surgery to precisely eliminate resectable MRD with minimal morbidity by resecting only PNB-positive volume instead of a larger volume; intraoperative selective elimination of unresectable MRD through the mechanical impact of lethal cancer cell-specific PNBs without damaging adjacent normal cells and tissues; and prediction of the surgical outcome through the metrics of PNB signals.

Abstract: A laser suitable for use under field conditions to generate pulsed laser for detecting malaria using transient vapor nanobubbles can include a frequency doubled passively Q-switched microchip laser. The passively Q-switched microchip lasers can include suppression techniques for the unwanted fundamental wavelength in addition to using anti-reflective coatings. The pulsed laser disclosed herein can generate pulses with a high peak power as a result of high energy in conjunction with short pulse duration in the range of hundreds of picoseconds. The high peak power can be enough to generate the photo-thermal transient vapor nanobubbles for malaria detection and/or treatment.

Abstract: A malaria diagnosis and/or treatment apparatus can include an optical source and an acoustic detector in a single probe (sensor). The optical source can provide optical energy configured to produce transient vapor nanobubbles around malaria-specific nanoparticles, such as hemozoin in skin, blood and other tissues infected with malaria, but not in uninfected tissues. The acoustic detector can detect pressure pulses generated by the transient vapor nanobubbles. A malaria diagnosis and/or screening process can be based on using several metrics of the detector signal output, which include the time and amplitude parameters of such signal. This metrics characterize both active and residual forms of malaria disease and can be used in the clinical diagnostics of malaria and in mass screening of the malaria transmission.

Abstract: Processes of intraoperative diagnosis and elimination of tumors or micro-tumors or cancer cells or tumor micro-environment (TME) with plasmonic nanobubbles (PNBs) are disclosed. The diagnosis and surgical processes disclosed can improve standard onco-surgery through one or more of the following: real-time intraoperative local detection of MRD in vivo with high cancer sensitivity and specificity; real-time guidance of surgery to precisely eliminate resectable MRD with minimal morbidity by resecting only PNB-positive volume instead of a larger volume; intraoperative selective elimination of unresectable MRD through the mechanical impact of lethal cancer cell-specific PNBs without damaging adjacent normal cells and tissues; and prediction of the surgical outcome through the metrics of PNB signals.