Abstract: Techniques are described for content-adaptive downsampling of digital images and videos for computer vision operations, such as semantic segmentation. A computer vision system comprises a memory, one or more processors operably coupled to the memory and a downsampling module configured for execution by the one or more processors to perform, based on a non-uniform sampling model trained to predict content-aware sampling parameters, downsampling input image data to generate downsampled image data. A segmentation module is configured for execution by the one or more processors to perform segmentation on the downsampled image to produce a segmentation result, such as a feature map that assigns pixels of the downsampled image data to object classes. An upsampling module is configured for execution by the one or more processors to perform upsampling according to the segmentation result to produce upsampled image data.