Abstract: A method for generating a virtual scene comprising one or more 3D objects is provided. The method includes creating a 3D model of a real world 3D scene, capturing an image of the real world 3D scene by a physical camera to obtain a captured image, creating a digital camera model of the physical camera, rendering a virtual 3D scene comprising virtual 3D objects based on the digital camera model using physical-based rendering software to obtain a virtual image, and minimizing dissimilarity norm between the captured image and the virtual image to optimize positions and surface parameters of the virtual 3D objects in the virtual 3D scene.

Abstract: An optical device including an achromatic phase doublet and a method of driving an optical device having reduced chromatic aberration is provided. The optical device includes an electroactive lens including an electroactive material layer, wherein the electroactive lens is configured to form a doublet phase function by applying a voltage to the electroactive material layer, the doublet phase function including a kinoform phase function and a harmonic lens phase function.

Abstract: An eye-tracking electronic device is provided. The eye-tracking electronic device includes a scanner, at least two photodetectors configured to generate electric pulses when a scanning line reflected from a cornea is incident thereon, and at least one processor configured to generate at least one scanning line through the scanner, radiate the at least one scanning line to the cornea, and determine a direction of gaze based on time information when the at least two photodetectors generate the electrical pulses.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a display apparatus including the same, and a method of extending an optical path. The optical device includes at least one electroactive optical cell configured to adjust a phase profile of light, and an optical path extender to extend an optical path by allowing light to transmit through the at least one electroactive optical cell in opposite directions a plurality of times.

Abstract: An optical device including an achromatic phase doublet and a method of driving an optical device having reduced chromatic aberration is provided. The optical device includes an electroactive lens including an electroactive material layer, wherein the electroactive lens is configured to form a doublet phase function by applying a voltage to the electroactive material layer, the doublet phase function including a kinoform phase function and a harmonic lens phase function.

Abstract: An optical lens having a tunable focal length and a display device including the same are provided. The optical lens includes a control electrode including a plurality of electrode elements, an electroactive material layer provided on the control electrode, and a common electrode spaced apart from the control electrode. The electroactive material layer is interposed between the common electrode and the control electrode. The optical lens includes a plurality of bus sets, each bus set of the plurality of bus sets including a plurality of buses, wherein the plurality of bus sets include a first bus set and a second bus set, the first bus set is configured to apply a first voltage to the plurality of electrode elements to generate a first phase profile of light, and the second bus set is configured to apply a second voltage to the plurality of electrode elements to generate a second phase profile of light.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes at least one virtual object image source, at least one display device for displaying a virtual object image, and at least one variable lens. The at least one variable lens includes at least two variable optical cells.

Abstract: A near-eye display device, an augmented reality device including the near-eye display device, and an operation method of the near-eye display device are provided. The near-eye display device includes a first expanding waveguide including a first expanding diffractive grating and a second waveguide including a second diffractive grating. The first expanding diffractive grating and the second diffractive grating are located on different planes.

Abstract: An optical lens having a tunable focal length and a display device including the same are provided. The optical lens includes a control electrode including a plurality of electrode elements, an electroactive material layer provided on the control electrode, and a common electrode spaced apart from the control electrode. The electroactive material layer is interposed between the common electrode and the control electrode. The optical lens includes a plurality of bus sets, each bus set of the plurality of bus sets including a plurality of buses, wherein the plurality of bus sets include a first bus set and a second bus set, the first bus set is configured to apply a first voltage to the plurality of electrode elements to generate a first phase profile of light, and the second bus set is configured to apply a second voltage to the plurality of electrode elements to generate a second phase profile of light.

Abstract: A tunable optical lens having an adjustable focal length includes an electro-active material layer, and a control electrode having a plurality of electrode components, wherein the control electrode includes at least two electrode patterns each of which is configured to generate one or more different diffraction zones, and the at least two electrode patterns are configured to generate different phase profiles from each other with respect to light transmitted through the at least two electrode patterns, when a voltage is applied to the control electrode.

Abstract: An eye-tracking electronic device is provided. The eye-tracking electronic device includes a scanner, at least two photodetectors configured to generate electric pulses when a scanning line reflected from a cornea is incident thereon, and at least one processor configured to generate at least one scanning line through the scanner, radiate the at least one scanning line to the cornea, and determine a direction of gaze based on time information when the at least two photodetectors generate the electrical pulses.

Abstract: Provided are an optical switch and an imaging system using the same. The optical switch includes an electrically controlled optical shutter configured to alternately pass and block light beams incident thereon; and a prism array comprising prisms separated from each other by a gap and configured to deflect the light beams that passed through the optical shutter by a predetermined deflection angle, and being positioned on the optical shutter, wherein the optical shutter is configured to operate in a first mode of operation in which the light beams incident towards the gaps between the prisms of the prism array are passed and the light beams incident towards the prisms are blocked and a second mode of operation in which the light beams incident towards the gaps between the prisms of the prism array are blocked and the light beams incident towards the prisms are passed.

Abstract: An imaging device is provided.

Abstract: A diffraction grating structure, an augmented reality apparatus including the same, and a method of manufacturing the diffraction grating structure are provided. The diffraction grating structure includes first and second substrates spaced apart from each other, a photodirector layer arranged between the first and second substrates and including an interference pattern formed therein, and a liquid crystal layer arranged on the photodirector layer and including liquid crystals oriented to correspond to the interference pattern and liquid crystals arranged in a chaotic state. Thus, an augmented reality apparatus having a large viewing angle due to the above diffraction grating structure may be implemented.