Abstract: The invention relates to compositions based on an aqueous dispersion of one or more polymers and intended for coating various types of surfaces, including metal surfaces with oxide scale and rust. The compositions according to the inventions include a polymeric film-forming agent, preferably based on a synthetic polymer, with pH from 1.5 to 12.0, one or more phosphonic acids and water, as well as one or more compounds selected from N-alkylpyrrolidones. The composition includes a compound selected from N-alkylpyrrolidones in combination with phosphonic acids (such as NTPA and OEDPA) may produce a coating with a gloss, which is uncharacteristic for aqueous dispersion compositions, essentially higher adhesion to any substrates, and enhanced protective properties in aggressive media and in various climatic conditions.