Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for jetting droplets using an electrostatic field, the apparatus includes a body, a chamber, an actuator, a nozzle, and a pillar-shaped member. The body is configured to contain and support a chamber, an actuator, a nozzle, and a pillar-shaped member and configured. The chamber is formed to have a predetermined volume in the body and accommodate a predetermined amount of fluid. The actuator is formed on the body, and configured to jet the fluid accommodated in the chamber using a controllable electrostatic field. The nozzle is configured to pass through the upper portion of the chamber and the central portion of the actuator, and to allow the fluid accommodated in the chamber to flow therethrough. The pillar-shaped member is located in a direction extending from the longitudinal central axis of the nozzle, and is configured to be electrically grounded and guide the fluid to smoothly flow to the inlet of the nozzle.

Abstract: An approach is provided for supporting a fair access policy to exchange traffic in a radio communication system. A committed information rate (CIR) level is assigned to a terminal according to one of a plurality of throttling states that specify respective different throughput levels according to loading of the communication system. The traffic is forwarded to the terminal based on the current throttling state of the terminal, wherein the traffic throughput is limited to the CIR level of the terminal. This approach as particular applicability to shared capacity systems, such as a satellite communication system.