Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; a pixel defining layer disposed on the substrate and that includes a pixel opening; an emission layer that overlaps the pixel opening of the pixel defining layer; and an anti-reflection layer that overlaps the pixel defining layer along a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate and is disposed along a portion of an edge of the pixel opening.

Abstract: Provided herein are surface-functionalized substrates and methods of making said surface-functionalized substrates.

Abstract: A display device includes at least a first luminance range and a second luminance range which includes a luminance different from the first luminance range. In a boundary area of a second dimming range corresponding to the second luminance range and which is adjacent to a first dimming range corresponding to the first luminance range, a reference luminance emitted from a pixel is maintained as a first constant luminance value, and an off-duty number, which is the number of periods in which the pixel is turned off during one frame, is gradually increased by an emission control signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin. The microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin according to the present invention make it possible to precisely control the concentration of botulinum toxin and to alleviate the pain occurring when botulinum toxin is administered into the human body, and also enable botulinum toxin to be accurately administered to a desired position. Thus, the present invention is expected to greatly contribute to the safe and convenient medical use of botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin. The microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin according to the present invention make it possible to precisely control the concentration of botulinum toxin and to alleviate the pain occurring when botulinum toxin is administered into the human body, and also enable botulinum toxin to be accurately administered to a desired position. Thus, the present invention is expected to greatly contribute to the safe and convenient medical use of botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin. The microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin according to the present invention make it possible to precisely control the concentration of botulinum toxin and to alleviate the pain occurring when botulinum toxin is administered into the human body, and also enable botulinum toxin to be accurately administered to a desired position. Thus, the present invention is expected to greatly contribute to the safe and convenient medical use of botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin. The microstructure formulation techniques for botulinum toxin according to the present invention make it possible to precisely control the concentration of botulinum toxin and to alleviate the pain occurring when botulinum toxin is administered into the human body, and also enable botulinum toxin to be accurately administered to a desired position. Thus, the present invention is expected to greatly contribute to the safe and convenient medical use of botulinum toxin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a linear, curved or rotary electric machine. The electric machine includes first and second movers which are adjacent to each other and have a phase angle difference of 60° therebetween. The first mover includes phases U, V and W and the second mover includes phases /U, /V and /W. The electric machine of the present invention can reduce pulsations of thrust caused by end effect. In particular, in the case where the stator includes permanent magnets having the same poles and salient poles which alternate with the permanent magnets, the number of permanent magnets used can be reduced to half of that of a conventional linear electric machine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a linear, curved or rotary electric machine. The electric machine includes first and second movers which are adjacent to each other and have a phase angle difference of 60° therebetween. The first mover includes phases U, V and W and the second mover includes phases /U, /V and /W. The electric machine of the present invention can reduce pulsations of thrust caused by end effect. In particular, in the case where the stator includes permanent magnets having the same poles and salient poles which alternate with the permanent magnets, the number of permanent magnets used can be reduced to half of that of a conventional linear electric machine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a linear, curved or rotary electric machine. The electric machine includes first and second movers which are adjacent to each other and have a phase angle difference of 60° therebetween. The first mover includes phases U, V and W and the second mover includes phases /U, /V and /W. The electric machine of the present invention can reduce pulsations of thrust caused by end effect. In particular, in the case where the stator includes permanent magnets having the same poles and salient poles which alternate with the permanent magnets, the number of permanent magnets used can be reduced to half of that of a conventional linear electric machine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure for linear and rotary electric machines. The present invention provides a modular mover structure which includes coils that have an electrical phase difference of 180°, so that the path of magnetic flux is shortened, thus reducing the size of the machine and mitigating the back-EMF unbalance. The modular mover structure can be modified into various shapes. For example, when a skew structure is applied to a mover or stator iron core, the force ripples in an electric machine can be reduced. In addition, when a hinge structure is applied to a modular mover iron core, the mover can move in a linear and curved manner. The structure of the present invention can be applied to a rotary electric machine. In this case, because the number of poles is easily increased, a low speed high torque direct drive type rotary electric machine is realized.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cylindrical magnetic levitation stage which includes a cylindrical substrate used to form micro-patterns of various arbitrary shapes on a large-area semiconductor substrate or display panel substrate, a cylindrical substrate, a combination of a first permanent magnet array and a first coil array and a combination of a first permanent magnet array and a first coil array, which are coupled to the cylindrical substrate, so that levitation, axial translation and rotation of the cylindrical substrate can be made finely through the control of a magnetic force generated by the interaction between a magnetic field generated by electric current applied to the coil arrays and a magnetic field generated from the permanent magnet arrays corresponding to the coil arrays.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cylindrical magnetic levitation stage which includes a cylindrical substrate used to form micro-patterns of various arbitrary shapes on a large-area semiconductor substrate or display panel substrate, a cylindrical substrate, a combination of a first permanent magnet array and a first coil array and a combination of a first permanent magnet array and a first coil array, which are coupled to the cylindrical substrate, so that levitation, axial translation and rotation of the cylindrical substrate can be made finely through the control of a magnetic force generated by the interaction between a magnetic field generated by electric current applied to the coil arrays and a magnetic field generated from the permanent magnet arrays corresponding to the coil arrays.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an inner rotor type permanent magnet excited transverse flux motor, in which a laminated structure in an axial direction or in a radial shape is applied to a stator iron core so as to employ a small amount of permanent magnets compared with a conventional outer rotor type permanent magnet excited transverse flux motor, thus providing high output power, increasing the efficiency of power generation, and reducing noise and vibration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is to a flux reversal motor. The flux reversal motor includes a mover, and a plurality of permanent magnets. The mover moves linearly relative to a stator. A plurality of permanent magnets, having identical polarities, is provided in the end of each mover tooth. The permanent magnets are arranged on the left and right sides of a protrusion of the end of the mover tooth. Thus low noise/low vibration, high speeds, high precision, and high thrust motion can be realized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a linear, curved or rotary electric machine. The electric machine includes first and second movers which are adjacent to each other and have a phase angle difference of 60° therebetween. The first mover includes phases U, V and W and the second mover includes phases /U, /V and /W. The electric machine of the present invention can reduce pulsations of thrust caused by end effect. In particular, in the case where the stator includes permanent magnets having the same poles and salient poles which alternate with the permanent magnets, the number of permanent magnets used can be reduced to half of that of a conventional linear electric machine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure for linear and rotary electric machines. The present invention provides a modular mover structure which includes coils that have an electrical phase difference of 180°, so that the path of magnetic flux is shortened, thus reducing the size of the machine and mitigating the back-EMF unbalance. Furthermore, the modular mover structure can be modified into various shapes. For example, when a skew structure is applied to a mover or stator iron core, the force ripples in an electric machine can be reduced. In addition, when a hinge structure is applied to a modular mover iron core, the mover can move in a linear and curved manner. Moreover, the structure of the present invention can be applied to a rotary electric machine. In this case, because the number of poles can be easily increased, a low speed high torque direct drive type rotary electric machine can be realized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a permanent magnet-excited transverse flux motor with an outer rotor. The permanent magnet-excited transverse flux motor comprises: a stator including a stator powdered iron core formed by an extruded molding through a mold, a pair of stator laminated iron cores stacked respectively at an upper layer portion and a lower layer portion of an outer circumference of the stator powdered iron core in such fashion as to be spaced apart from each other by a certain interval, and a stator winding interposed between the upper layer portion and the lower layer portion in such fashion as to be wound around the stator powdered iron core to form a multiple coil through which current flows; and a rotor including a plurality of rotor permanent magnets and a plurality of rotor powdered iron cores disposed on the outer circumference of the stator in such a fashion as to be are alternately arranged adjacent to one another.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is to a flux reversal motor. The flux reversal motor includes a mover, and a plurality of permanent magnets. The mover moves linearly relative to a stator. A plurality of permanent magnets, having identical polarities, is provided in the end of each mover tooth. The permanent magnets are arranged on the left and right sides of a protrusion of the end of the mover tooth. Thus low noise/low vibration, high speeds, high precision, and high thrust motion can be realized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a permanent magnet excited transverse flux linear motor with a normal force compensation structure in which a stator is inserted in the middle of leg portions of a mover so as to compensate normal forces generated between the mover and the stator, thus reducing noise and vibration.