Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes: forming an active pattern on a substrate, forming a source/drain pattern on the active pattern, forming a contact hole on the source/drain pattern, forming a contact barrier layer, which has an upper surface of a first height based on a bottom surface of the contact hole, in the contact hole, forming a passivation layer on the contact barrier layer in the contact hole, forming a mask layer on the passivation layer in the contact hole, removing an upper portion of the contact barrier layer so that an upper surface of the contact barrier layer has a second height lower than the first height, removing the passivation layer and the mask layer, and forming a contact filling layer, which covers the upper surface of the contact barrier layer and fills the contact hole, in the contact hole.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for providing an emoticon input interface by a user terminal. The method may include displaying a first input interface for inputting an emoticon to be posted on a profile page of a user. The method may also include receiving a selection interaction of selecting a first emoticon to be posted on the profile page of the user via the first input interface, and displaying the selected first emoticon on the profile page of the user. The first input interface may include user custom information associated with emoticon historical information of the user. The user custom information may be identical to at least a part of user custom information for a second input interface for inputting an emoticon to be displayed in a chat message.

Abstract: A thermally insulated container comprising: a frusto-conical support base internally comprising a heat source with connection to an external electrical source, a flat support base, an elongated main body of circular section with thermally insulated walls with connectors arranged at the base of said body to electrically link a shielded electrical resistance; a plug with a shutter that acts as a closure of the main body mounted in the mouth of said body by means of a thread and comprising a safety pressure element. The thermally insulated container is particularly adequate for heating water to two temperature settings to be used to prepare mate beverage or to prepare other infusions. In a first embodiment the container holds 500cc of water and in another embodiment it holds one liter of water.

Abstract: A method for controlling regenerative braking of a hybrid commercial vehicle that includes a main brake and an auxiliary brake is provided. The method includes determining whether a braking request condition of the vehicle is satisfied based on a state data and generating a request braking amount based on the state data when the braking request condition is satisfied. When an operation switch of the auxiliary brake is on an auxiliary braking amount of the auxiliary brake is generated. A final braking amount is generated based on the request braking amount and the auxiliary braking amount. A regenerative braking amount is generated based on the final braking amount and braking of the vehicle is performed based on the final braking amount.

Abstract: A vehicle may include a fuel cell system configured for generating electrical energy used in the vehicle using hydrogen, an engine system including an engine and configured for generating power of the vehicle using hydrogen, an exhaust system that purifies exhaust gas discharged from the engine, and a hydrogen supply system connected to the fuel cell system, the engine system and the exhaust system, and configured for supplying the hydrogen used in the fuel cell system and the engine system, and ammonia (NH3) used in the exhaust system.

Abstract: A thermally insulated container comprising: a frusto-conical support base internally comprising a heat source with connection to an external electrical source, a flat support base, an elongated main body of circular section with thermally insulated walls with connectors arranged at the base of said body to electrically link a shielded electrical resistance; a plug with a shutter that acts as a closure of the main body mounted in the mouth of said body by means of a thread and comprising a safety pressure element. The thermally insulated container is particularly adequate for heating water to two temperature settings to be used to prepare mate beverage or to prepare other infusions. In a first embodiment the container holds 500cc of water and in another embodiment it holds one liter of water.

Abstract: A vehicle may include a fuel cell system configured for generating electrical energy used in the vehicle using hydrogen, an engine system including an engine and configured for generating power of the vehicle using hydrogen, an exhaust system that purifies exhaust gas discharged from the engine, and a hydrogen supply system connected to the fuel cell system, the engine system and the exhaust system, and configured for supplying the hydrogen used in the fuel cell system and the engine system, and ammonia (NH3) used in the exhaust system.

Abstract: A method for controlling regenerative braking of a hybrid commercial vehicle that includes a main brake and an auxiliary brake is provided. The method includes determining whether a braking request condition of the vehicle is satisfied based on a state data and generating a request braking amount based on the state data when the braking request condition is satisfied. When an operation switch of the auxiliary brake is on an auxiliary braking amount of the auxiliary brake is generated. A final braking amount is generated based on the request braking amount and the auxiliary braking amount. A regenerative braking amount is generated based on the final braking amount and braking of the vehicle is performed based on the final braking amount.

Abstract: An expansion apparatus for recovering waste heat may include two or more turbines and a distribution valve distributing working fluid supplied from the boiler to the two or more turbines, wherein the two or more turbines include a power turbine and one or more auxiliary turbines, and the power turbine is configured to receive a larger amount of working fluid than the one or more auxiliary turbines.

Abstract: An expansion apparatus for recovering waste heat may include two or more turbines and a distribution valve distributing working fluid supplied from the boiler to the two or more turbines, wherein the two or more turbines include a power turbine and one or more auxiliary turbines, and the power turbine is configured to receive a larger amount of working fluid than the one or more auxiliary turbines.

Abstract: A method of controlling startup of a vehicle may include a key-on/off determination step of determining whether a key is on or off; and a removal step of removing icing generated in an injector for fuel injection by forcibly operating the injector predetermined times for a predetermined time period when it is determined that the key is on.

Abstract: A variable valve lift apparatus is mounted above a valve stem of a valve for opening and closing the valve. The apparatus includes an upper and a lower housing; an upper electromagnet in the upper housing; a lower electromagnet in the lower housing; at least one permanent magnet that penetrates the electromagnets; an upper plate between the permanent magnet and the upper housing; and a lower plate between the permanent magnet and the lower housing, which opens and closes the valve. The apparatus may also include an upper coil spring assembly mounted in the upper housing, and a lower coil spring assembly mounted in the lower housing, each coil spring assembly including at least two coil springs. The apparatus may also include an upper damper at the top of the upper housing, and a lower damper at the bottom of the lower housing. Oil may be provided in the housings.