Abstract: Disclosed herein are a material layer stack, a light emitting element, a light emitting package, and a method of fabricating a light emitting element. The material layer stack includes: a substrate having a first lattice constant; and a semiconductor layer grown on the substrate, the semiconductor layer having a second lattice constant that is different from the first lattice constant. Using the material layer stack, a light emitting element having a low leakage current, a low operation voltage, and an excellent luminous efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: A pen-type input device and method for sending positional input to a host device, in which a first switch, located on the pen's tip is provided to input character strokes in a character input mode and move a mouse cursor in a mouse mode, a second switch is provided to perform a mouse left-click operation in the mouse mode, and a third switch is provided to switch an input mode of the pen-type input device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a material layer stack, a light emitting element, a light emitting package, and a method of fabricating a light emitting element. The material layer stack includes: a substrate having a first lattice constant; and a semiconductor layer grown on the substrate, the semiconductor layer having a second lattice constant that is different from the first lattice constant. Using the material layer stack, a light emitting element having a low leakage current, a low operation voltage, and an excellent luminous efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor light-emitting device is provided. The method includes operations of forming a first conductive type semiconductor layer on a substrate; forming a V-pit in the first conductive type semiconductor layer; forming a defect decreasing structure in and over the V-pit; and forming a residual first conductive type semiconductor layer on the defect decreasing structure. By using the method, an excellent-quality semiconductor light-emitting device having a reduced crystal defect may be inexpensively manufactured.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for providing input to a host device using a pen-type input device. A first signal is transmitted, from the pen-type input device, to the host device, when a first switch senses pressure applied to a pen tip of the pen-type device. The first signal is used for inputting a character stroke in the host device. A second signal is transmitted from the pen-type input device, to the host device, when a second switch is activated. The second signal is used for performing a mouse click operation in the host device.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating the quality of a crystal includes an optical device that measures a surface reflectance of a wafer in which a V-pit is formed; and a data processing unit that calculates a threading dislocation density by calculating a difference in surface reflectance of the wafer that is measured by the optical device.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating the quality of a crystal includes an optical device that measures a surface reflectance of a wafer in which a V-pit is formed; and a data processing unit that calculates a threading dislocation density by calculating a difference in surface reflectance of the wafer that is measured by the optical device.

Abstract: In a folder type or a swing type terminal including a pair of housings or triple housings for attaining composite opening/closing operation, information transmission with a higher speed and larger capacity is available using optical devices for establishing communication lines between circuit devices in the housings. Also, a stable maintenance of the communication lines is possible between the circuit devices of the housings in spite of repeated opening/closing operation of the housings.

Abstract: A pen-type input device and method for sending positional input to a host device, in which a first switch, located on the pen's tip is provided to input character strokes in a character input mode and move a mouse cursor in a mouse mode, a second switch is provided to perform a mouse left-click operation in the mouse mode, and a third switch is provided to switch an input mode of the pen-type input device.

Abstract: In a folder type or a swing type terminal including a pair of housings or triple housings for attaining composite opening/closing operation, information transmission with a higher speed and larger capacity is available using optical devices for establishing communication lines between circuit devices in the housings. Also, a stable maintenance of the communication lines is possible between the circuit devices of the housings in spite of repeated opening/closing operation of the housings.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser and a method for fabricating thereof are disclosed. The laser includes: a reflective laser formed at a center portion of a contact layer, and an upper electrode that is separated from a reflective lens and that encloses the reflective lens. The method for fabricating the laser includes the steps of: sequentially growing a lower reflective mirror, an oscillation region, an upper reflective mirror, and a contact layer on a upper surface of a semiconductor substrate; forming a lower electrode on a lower surface of the semiconductor substrate; forming, on the contact layer, an annular mask with a mesa shaped opening at the center portion; growing, through the opening of the mask with a mesa structure, a reflective mirror with a center and peripheral portions of different thickness; and forming annular upper electrode surrounding the reflective mirror after removing the mask.

Abstract: A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser including an annular upper electrode disposed on a laser light exit surface, wherein an upper electrode aperture is formed therein and a light blocking layer is positioned at the center of the aperture formed in the upper electrode. The light blocking layer partially blocks laser light emitted from the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, providing a difference in reflectance in a transverse direction of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, facilitating single mode oscillation.

Abstract: Provided are an optical active device and optical module using the same The optical active device includes first face through which light received emitted, second face facing the first face third face adjacent the first face and the second face, and fourth face facing the third face which width between the first face and the second face equal greater than distance between the third face and the fourth face

Abstract: A semiconductor monolithic integrated optical transmitter including a plurality of active layers formed on a semiconductor substrate is disclosed, which comprises: a distributed feedback laser diode including a grating for reflecting light with a predetermined wavelength and a first active layer for oscillating received light from the grating; an electro-absorption modulator including a second active layer for receiving light from the first active layer, wherein the received light intensity is modulated through a change of absorbency in accordance with an applied voltage; an optical amplifier including a third active layer for amplifying received light from the second active layer; a first optical attenuator between the first active layer and the second active layer; and a second optical attenuator between the second active layer and the third active layer.

Abstract: A bi-directional optical transceiver includes: an optical fiber for transmitting and receiving first and second optical signals; a transmitter module for generating the first optical signal; a receiver module for detecting the second optical signal; a tap filter for splitting a portion of the first optical signal; a monitor module for monitoring the magnitude of the portion of the first optical signal split by the tap filter; and a wavelength selection filter, which is located between the tap filter and the optical fiber, inputs the first optical signal output from the tap filter into the optical fiber, and inputs the second optical signal output from the optical fiber into an optical detector.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an avalanche photodiode is disclosed. The method includes the steps of growing a plurality of semiconductor layers sequentially on a semiconductor substrate; growing diffusion layer patterns having diffusion coefficients different from that of an amplifying layer on a portion on which a peripheral portion of a diffusion area is to be formed, on the semiconductor layers; and forming the diffusion area such that the depth of the peripheral portion thereof is different from that of the central portion thereof by diffusing impurities through the diffusion patterns.

Abstract: An optical apparatus having a vertical light receiving element is disclosed. The optical apparatus is configured to couple light generated from a light source using the vertical light receiving element, then transforms the received light signals into an electric signal. The optical apparatus includes: a vertical photo detector having a photo-absorption layer; and an optical bench on which the photo detector is disposed. The optical bench having a first groove and a second groove formed adjacent to each other, the first groove having a predetermined inclination and being formed at an edge of a first surface of the optical bench, and the first surface being opposite to a second surface of the optical bench, on which the photo detector is disposed, such that a light signal incident to the first groove is refracted at a predetermined angle by the first groove; and the light signal, which has been refracted by the first groove, is totally reflected by the second groove.

Abstract: A semiconductor monolithic integrated optical transmitter including a plurality of active layers formed on a semiconductor substrate is disclosed, which comprises: a distributed feedback laser diode including a grating for reflecting light with a predetermined wavelength and a first active layer for oscillating received light from the grating; an electro-absorption modulator including a second active layer for receiving light from the first active layer, wherein the received light intensity is modulated through a change of absorbency in accordance with an applied voltage; an optical amplifier including a third active layer for amplifying received light from the second active layer; a first optical attenuator between the first active layer and the second active layer; and a second optical attenuator between the second active layer and the third active layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are an edge-illuminated refracting-facet type light receiving device and a fabricating method thereof. The edge-illuminated refracting-facet type light receiving device has a semiconductor substrate, a photo-absorption layer formed on the semiconductor substrate, a first window layer entirely formed on an upper surface of the photo-absorption layer, a second window layer formed on an upper surface of the first window layer and having a light incident plane, which is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the photo-absorption layer in such a manner that light refracted at the light incident plane is incident into the photo-absorption layer, a first conductive metal layer in contact with the second window layer, and a second conductive metal layer, which is different from the first conductive metal layer, formed at a bottom surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An optical apparatus having a vertical light receiving element is disclosed. The optical apparatus is configured to couple light generated from a light source using the vertical light receiving element, then transforms the received light signals into an electric signal. The optical apparatus includes: a vertical photo detector having a photo-absorption layer; and an optical bench on which the photo detector is disposed. The optical bench having a first groove and a second groove formed adjacent to each other, the first groove having a predetermined inclination and being formed at an edge of a first surface of the optical bench, and the first surface being opposite to a second surface of the optical bench, on which the photo detector is disposed, such that a light signal incident to the first groove is refracted at a predetermined angle by the first groove; and the light signal, which has been refracted by the first groove, is totally reflected by the second groove.