Abstract: Tandem electrodialysis (ED) cell systems and methods for using the tandem ED cell systems to extract and recover ions from ion-containing solutions are provided. The tandem ED cell systems are composed of ion-extraction and ion-recovery ED cells. A redox couple contained in the anolyte of the ion-extraction ED cell is different from a redox couple contained in the catholyte of the ion-extraction ED cell. The electrode reactions in the ion-extraction ED cell are reversed in the ion-recovery ED cell, with the anolyte and catholyte of the two ED cells swapped and continuously circulated. As a result, the redox species in the anolyte and catholyte of the two cells are never depleted, which allows for achieving ion extraction and ion recovery with the use of a minimal amount of the redox couples.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical cells and methods use catalytic copper-based anodes to carry out the electrochemical oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Bismuth-based, chloride-storage electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical cells incorporating the chloride-storage electrodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the electrodes and methods for using the electrochemical cells to remove chloride ions from a sample. The chloride-storage electrodes, which are composed of bismuth metal, can store chloride ions in their bulk by forming BiOCl via an oxidation reaction with bismuth in the presence of an oxygen source.

Abstract: Tandem electrodialysis (ED) cell systems and methods for using the tandem ED cell systems to extract and recover ions from ion-containing solutions are provided. The tandem ED cell systems are composed of ion-extraction and ion-recovery ED cells. A redox couple contained in the anolyte of the ion-extraction ED cell is different from a redox couple contained in the catholyte of the ion-extraction ED cell. The electrode reactions in the ion-extraction ED cell are reversed in the ion-recovery ED cell, with the anolyte and catholyte of the two ED cells swapped and continuously circulated. As a result, the redox species in the anolyte and catholyte of the two cells are never depleted, which allows for achieving ion extraction and ion recovery with the use of a minimal amount of the redox couples.

Abstract: Dual-functional energy storage systems that couple ion extraction and recovery with energy storage and release are provided. The dual-functional energy storage systems use ion-extraction and ion-recovery as charging processes. As the energy used for the ion extraction and ion recovery processes is not consumed, but rather stored in the system through the charging process, and the majority of the energy stored during charging can be recovered during discharging, the dual-functional energy storage systems perform useful functions, such as solution desalination or lithium-ion recovery with a minimal energy input, while storing and releasing energy like a conventional energy storage system.

Abstract: Electrodialysis cell systems for water deionization is provided. Also provided are methods for using the electrodialysis cell systems. The cells use the forward and reverse reactions of a redox mediator and the combined operations of a deionization cell and an ion-accumulation cell to enable sustainable deionization with a significantly decreased operating voltage, relative to conventional deionization cells. The cells have applications in seawater desalination, water purification, and wastewater treatment.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical cells and methods use catalytic copper-based anodes to carry out the electrochemical oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical cells and methods use catalytic copper-based anodes to carry out the electrochemical oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Electrodialysis cell systems for water deionization is provided. Also provided are methods for using the electrodialysis cell systems. The cells use the forward and reverse reactions of a redox mediator and the combined operations of a deionization cell and an ion-accumulation cell to enable sustainable deionization with a significantly decreased operating voltage, relative to conventional deionization cells. The cells have applications in seawater desalination, water purification, and wastewater treatment.

Abstract: Bismuth-based, chloride-storage electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical cells incorporating the chloride-storage electrodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the electrodes and methods for using the electrochemical cells to remove chloride ions from a sample. The chloride-storage electrodes, which are composed of bismuth metal, can store chloride ions in their bulk by forming BiOCl via an oxidation reaction with bismuth in the presence of an oxygen source.

Abstract: Bismuth-based, chloride-storage electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical cells incorporating the chloride-storage electrodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the electrodes and methods for using the electrochemical cells to remove chloride ions from a sample. The chloride-storage electrodes, which are composed of bismuth metal, can store chloride ions in their bulk by forming BiOCl via an oxidation reaction with bismuth in the presence of an oxygen source.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are provided. Also provided are methods of using the cells to carry out the oxidation reactions. The electrochemical cells and methods use catalytic copper-based anodes to carry out the electrochemical oxidation reactions.

Abstract: Bismuth-based, chloride-storage electrodes and rechargeable electrochemical cells incorporating the chloride-storage electrodes are provided. Also provided are methods for making the electrodes and methods for using the electrochemical cells to remove chloride ions from a sample. The chloride-storage electrodes, which are composed of bismuth metal, can store chloride ions in their bulk by forming BiOCl via an oxidation reaction with bismuth in the presence of an oxygen source.