Abstract: A method for detecting defects includes steps of: (1) calculating an average value for intensity of CT image voxels in a neighborhood; (2) calculating a difference value for the intensity of the voxels in the neighborhood; (3) calculating a standard deviation for the intensity of the voxels in the neighborhood; (4) calculating a z-score for each one of the voxels; (5) identifying a cluster of neighboring ones of the voxels; (6) determining a cluster-boundary parameter of the cluster; and (7) classifying the cluster as a defect when the cluster-boundary parameter of the cluster is above a parameter threshold.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting alpha case on a titanium or titanium alloy article includes applying a ceramic coating to a surface of the article. The method further includes heating the article to a temperature of at least 800° F. while the ceramic coating is applied to the surface of the article. A method for manufacturing a titanium article that is substantially free of alpha case includes fabricating a preform by additive manufacturing, applying a ceramic coating to a surface of the preform, the ceramic coating having a nominal coating thickness of at least about 1 mil, subjecting the preform to hot isostatic pressing while the ceramic coating is applied to the surface, and removing the ceramic coating after hot isostatic pressing.