Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for preventing central nervous system oxygen toxicity in a subject.

Abstract: Provided are methods for improving motor function in a subject.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for reducing blood glucose in a subject.

Abstract: A method of treating cancer using ketogenic diet, while concurrently subjecting the patient to a hyperbaric, oxygen-enriched environment. Optionally, the hyperbaric, oxygen-enriched environment is 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA absolute. The treatment may further include administering at least 10% ketone supplementation, such as acetoacetate, adenosine monophosphate kinase, 1,3-butanediol, or ketone ester, to the patient.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of treating Angelman Syndrome (AS) in a subject, comprising inducing ketosis in the subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a ketone ester, such as an R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate ester, wherein administration of the ketone ester elevates the blood ketone level in the subject. Other aspects of the invention include a method of increasing cognitive function and/or motor function in a subject with AS; and a method of decreasing seizures and increasing the latency to seize in a subject with AS.

Abstract: Provided are methods for delaying the onset of anesthesia in a subject.

Abstract: Beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salts in combination with medium chain fatty acids or an ester thereof such as medium chain triglycerides were used to induce ketosis, achieving blood ketone levels of (2-7 mmol/L), with or without dietary restriction. The combination results in substantial improvements in metabolic biomarkers related to insulin resistance, diabetes, weight loss, and physical performance in a short period of time. Further, use of these supplements to achieve ketosis yields a significant elevation of blood ketones and reduction of blood glucose levels. Use of these substances does not adversely affect lipid profiles. By initiating rapid ketosis and accelerating the rate of ketoadaptation, this invention is useful for the avoidance of glucose withdrawal symptoms commonly experienced by individuals initiating a ketogenic diet, and minimizes the loss of lean body mass during dietary restriction.

Abstract: The ketogenic diet (KD) has therapeutic implications in many disease states. It was hypothesized ketone precursor supplementation would elevate blood ketone levels to therapeutic ranges (2-7 mM) without need for dietary restriction. The effects of ketogenic agents were tested on blood glucose, ketones, and lipids with a 28-day dose escalation study in male Sprague-Dawley rats: R,S-1,3-Butandiol (BD), acetoacetate ketone ester (KE), and control (H2O) (n?8). Days 1-28, rats received a daily 5 g/kg intragastric gavage, based on previous toxicology studies. Once weekly, whole blood samples (10 ?l) were acquired for analysis of glucose and ?HB at 0, 0.5, 1, 4, 8, and 12 hours after test substance administration, or until ?HB returned to baseline. At day 1 and 28, 10 ?L of whole blood were collected to measure triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL concentration. Significant elevation of blood ketone was observed with a significant inverse relationship with blood glucose for the duration of the experiment.

Abstract: Beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salts in combination with medium chain fatty acids or an ester thereof such as medium chain triglycerides were used to induce ketosis, achieving blood ketone levels of (2-7 mmol/L), with or without dietary restriction. The combination results in substantial improvements in metabolic biomarkers related to insulin resistance, diabetes, weight loss, and physical performance in a short period of time. Further, use of these supplements to achieve ketosis yields a significant elevation of blood ketones and reduction of blood glucose levels. Use of these substances does not adversely affect lipid profiles. By initiating rapid ketosis and accelerating the rate of ketoadaptation, this invention is useful for the avoidance of glucose withdrawal symptoms commonly experienced by individuals initiating a ketogenic diet, and minimizes the loss of lean body mass during dietary restriction.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of treating Angelman Syndrome (AS) in a subject, comprising inducing ketosis in the subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a ketone ester, such as an R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate ester, wherein administration of the ketone ester elevates the blood ketone level in the subject. Other aspects of the invention include a method of increasing cognitive function and/or motor function in a subject with AS; and a method of decreasing seizures and increasing the latency to seize in a subject with AS.

Abstract: The ketogenic diet (KD) has therapeutic implications in many disease states. It was hypothesized ketone precursor supplementation would elevate blood ketone levels to therapeutic ranges (2-7 mM) without need for dietary restriction. The effects of ketogenic agents were tested on blood glucose, ketones, and lipids with a 28-day dose escalation study in male Sprague-Dawley rats: R,S-1,3-Butandiol (BD), acetoacetate ketone ester (KE), and control (H2O) (n?8). Days 1-28, rats received a daily 5 g/kg intragastric gavage, based on previous toxicology studies. Once weekly, whole blood samples (10 ?l) were acquired for analysis of glucose and ?HB at 0, 0.5, 1, 4, 8, and 12 hours after test substance administration, or until ?HB returned to baseline. At day 1 and 28, 10 ?L of whole blood were collected to measure triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL concentration. Significant elevation of blood ketone was observed with a significant inverse relationship with blood glucose for the duration of the experiment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of treating Angelman Syndrome (AS) in a subject, comprising inducing ketosis in the subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a ketone ester, such as an R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate ester, wherein administration of the ketone ester elevates the blood ketone level in the subject. Other aspects of the invention include a method of increasing cognitive function and/or motor function in a subject with AS; and a method of decreasing seizures and increasing the latency to seize in a subject with AS.

Abstract: Beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salts in combination with medium chain fatty acids or an ester thereof such as medium chain triglycerides were used to induce ketosis, achieving blood ketone levels of (2-7 mmol/L), with or without dietary restriction. The combination results in substantial improvements in metabolic biomarkers related to insulin resistance, diabetes, weight loss, and physical performance in a short period of time. Further, use of these supplements to achieve ketosis yields a significant elevation of blood ketones and reduction of blood glucose levels. Use of these substances does not adversely affect lipid profiles. By initiating rapid ketosis and accelerating the rate of ketoadaptation, this invention is useful for the avoidance of glucose withdrawal symptoms commonly experienced by individuals initiating a ketogenic diet, and minimizes the loss of lean body mass during dietary restriction.

Abstract: Beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salts in combination with medium chain fatty acids or an ester thereof such as medium chain triglycerides were used to induce ketosis, achieving blood ketone levels of (2-7 mmol/L), with or without dietary restriction. The combination results in substantial improvements in metabolic biomarkers related to insulin resistance, diabetes, weight loss, and physical performance in a short period of time. Further, use of these supplements to achieve ketosis yields a significant elevation of blood ketones and reduction of blood glucose levels. Use of these substances does not adversely affect lipid profiles. By initiating rapid ketosis and accelerating the rate of ketoadaptation, this invention is useful for the avoidance of glucose withdrawal symptoms commonly experienced by individuals initiating a ketogenic diet, and minimizes the loss of lean body mass during dietary restriction.

Abstract: A method of treating cancer using ketogenic diet, while concurrently subjecting the patient to a hyperbaric, oxygen-enriched environment. Optionally, the hyperbaric, oxygen-enriched environment is 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA absolute. The treatment may further include administering at least 10% ketone supplementation, such as acetoacetate, adenosine monophosphate kinase, 1,3-butanediol, or ketone ester, to the patient.

Abstract: Beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salts in combination with medium chain fatty acids or an ester thereof such as medium chain triglycerides were used to induce ketosis, achieving blood ketone levels of (2-7 mmol/L), with or without dietary restriction. The combination results in substantial improvements in metabolic biomarkers related to insulin resistance, diabetes, weight loss, and physical performance in a short period of time. Further, use of these supplements to achieve ketosis yields a significant elevation of blood ketones and reduction of blood glucose levels. Use of these substances does not adversely affect lipid profiles. By initiating rapid ketosis and accelerating the rate of ketoadaptation, this invention is useful for the avoidance of glucose withdrawal symptoms commonly experienced by individuals initiating a ketogenic diet, and minimizes the loss of lean body mass during dietary restriction.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates the therapeutic use of ketone esters for seizure disorders, Alzheimer's disease and malignant brain cancer, which are associated with metabolic dysregulation. The administration of ketone esters resulted therapeutic ketosis and neuroprotection against seizures resulting from CNS oxygen toxicity. Supplemental ketones were also found to reduce superoxide production in cultured cortex neurons exposed to hyperbaric oxygen and A?-42, and to decrease proliferation and viability in U87 glioma cells. These observations support the therapeutic effect of ketones for seizure disorders, Alzheimer's disease and malignant brain cancer. The ketone esters may be derived from acetoacetate and can include R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate monoester, R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester, or a combination of the two.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates the therapeutic use of ketone esters for seizure disorders, Alzheimer's disease malignant brain cancer, and other cancers, which are associated with metabolic dysregulation. The administration of a ketogenic diet, such as ketone esters, while concurrently subjecting the patient to a hyperbaric, oxygen-enriched environment resulted in therapeutic ketosis. Optionally, the hyperbaric, oxygen-enriched environment is 100% oxygen at 2.5 ATA absolute. The ketone esters may be derived from acetoacetate and can include R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate monoester, R,S-1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester, or a combination of the two. The treatment may further include administering at least 10% ketone supplementation, such as acetoacetate, adenosine monophosphate kinase, 1,3-butanediol, or ketone ester, to the patient.