Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a codeword format for data storage and to methods and circuits for generating a codeword based on data to be written in memory and extracting data from a codeword read from memory. In an example, an integrated circuit includes a memory system and a controller circuit. The controller circuit is communicatively coupled to the memory system and is configured to: receive multi-bit data; generate a codeword based on the multi-bit data; and transmit to the memory system the codeword for writing to memory. The codeword has a format that includes first bit positions for the multi-bit data, second bit positions for a bitwise inversion of the multi-bit data, a third bit position for an odd parity value, and a fourth bit position for an even parity value. The odd and even parity values indicate an odd and even parity, respectively, of the multi-bit data.