Abstract: An apparatus for modulating the density of an electron beam as it is emitted from a cathode, comprised of connecting a source of pulsed input power to the input end of a nonlinear transmission line and connecting the output end directly to the cathode of an electron beam diode by a direct electrical connection.

Abstract: A method to modulate the density of an electron beam as it is emitted from a cathode, the method comprised of connecting a source of pulsed input power to the input end of a nonlinear transmission line and connecting the output end directly to the cathode of an electron beam diode by a direct electrical connection.

Abstract: A vacuum tube having its anode/collector coated with carbon nanotube-based material in which five percent or more of the carbon nanotubes are aligned parallel to the anode/collector's surface.

Abstract: The electron impact surface of an anode/collector is coated with a carbon nanotube coating to reduce the production of secondary electrons and, concomitantly, to suppress the formation of neutral gases and plasma. A carbonizable resin is first applied to the electron impact surface, followed by a coating comprised of carbon nanotubes. The coating is pyro-bonded to the surface by heating the anode/collector to over 700° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Next, the anode/collector is heated to over 1000° C. while a low-pressure hydrocarbon gas, for example, methane, is flowed over the carbon nanotube coating. The gas decomposes and creates a smooth, non-porous, rigid surface on the carbon nanotube coating. The anode/collector is then heated in a vacuum to evaporate any residual water in the carbon nanotube coating.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cold cathode for use in vacuum tubes. A carbon velvet material is coated with a low work function cesiated salt and bonded to a cathode surface. Alternatively, the carbon velvet material is bonded to the cathode surface before being coated with the cesiated salt. The coating may be applied by spraying the carbon velvet material with a cesiated salt solution, or by dipping the material into a crucible of molten cesiated salt. This abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract, and is intended to allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning the claims.

Abstract: A vacuum tube having its anode/collector coated with carbonized resin plus pyrocarbon material to reduce out-gassing and secondary electron emission and the method of coating the anode/collector.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cold cathode for use in vacuum tubes. A carbon velvet material is coated with a low work function cesiated salt and bonded to a cathode surface. Alternatively, the carbon velvet material is bonded to the cathode surface before being coated with the cesiated salt. The coating may be applied by spraying the carbon velvet material with a cesiated salt solution, or by dipping the material into a crucible of molten cesiated salt. This abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract, and is intended to allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning the claims.

Abstract: A field emission cold cathode for use in vacuum tubes. A carbon velvet material is coated with a low work function cesiated salt and bonded to a cathode surface. The cathode will emit electrons when an electric field is applied. The carbon velvet material is comprised of high aspect ratio carbon fibers embedded perpendicular to a base material.

Abstract: A vacuum tube having its anode/collector coated with carbon nanotube-based material in which five percent or more of the carbon nanotubes are aligned parallel to the anode/collector's surface.

Abstract: A method for hydroentangling a nonwoven web to increase the strength and abrasion resistance while maintaining highly desirable hand and drape characteristics. The method provides for carding and cross-lapping synthetic and/or natural fibers so as to form a desired substrate. The substrate is then hydroentangled under relatively low pressure to form a desired spunlace web, and a relatively low amount of a foam adhesive latex binding material is applied to the spunlace web. Thereafter, a force is applied to the foamed spunlace web so as to cause the foamed binding material to fully penetrate the spunlace web from face to back. The resulting hydroentangled (spunlace) nonwoven web provides an enhanced balance of tensile properties, abrasion resistance, and fabric aesthetics.

Abstract: A vacuum tube having its anode/collector coated with carbon nanotube-based material in which five percent or more of the carbon nanotubes are aligned parallel to the anode/collector's surface.

Abstract: A vacuum tube having its anode/collector coated with carbonized resin plus pyrocarbon material to reduce out-gassing and secondary electron emission and the method of coating the anode/collector.

Abstract: PRS0729A field emission cold cathode for use in vacuum tubes. A carbon velvet material is coated with a low work function cesiated salt and bonded to a cathode surface. The cathode will emit electrons when an electric field is applied. The carbon velvet material is comprised of high aspect ratio carbon fibers embedded perpendicular to a base material.

Abstract: Water-dispersible polyester fiber whose water-dispersibility is improved, and precursor filament tow are prepared by an improved process involving treatment of undrawn polyester filaments with a very small amount of caustic, when freshly-extruded, in a spin-finish.

Abstract: Water-dispersible synthetic fiber of cruciform cross-section to promote dispersibility, and so better uniformity, more opacity, good permeability and an attractive flannel-like hand to the resulting wet-laid fabrics.

Abstract: Water-dispersible synthetic fiber of scalloped-oval cross-section to promote dispersibility, and so better uniformity, softer feel and more opacity to the resulting wet-laid fabrics.

Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for direct esterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol to form low molecular weight polyester with recovery of excess glycol from reaction off-gases. The terephthalic acid is mixed with an excess of glycol, the mixture is reacted at 280.degree.-315.degree. C. in reaction product circulated from a reactor through an external heater and back to the reactor, and reaction product is withdrawn from the reactor for polymerization to high molecular weight polyester. Vapors formed in the reactor are fed into the bottom of a rectification column where the excess glycol is recovered for direct reuse. The vapor feed is sprayed with condensate at 140.degree.-195.degree. C. in the bottom of the column to remove solids and maintain conditions suitable for obtaining less than 0.05 percent glycol in overhead distillate and 0.3 to 10 percent water in glycol condensate.