Abstract: Lighting fixtures which feature indicia illuminated more uniformally and with greater brightness than in conventional lighting fixtures. LEDs which operate at a higher frequency/shorter wavelength, such as blue LEDs, emit light which causes the transformation material to reemit, reradiate or emit light at a lower frequency/longer wavelength with increased brightness and uniformity. In a preferred embodiment of the lighting fixtures, blue LEDs cause the transformation material to emit green light for bright and even illumination of indicia such as letters and chevrons in exit signs, and at a wavelength to which the human eye is serendipitously sensitive.

Abstract: A head mounted display is disclosed for providing a monocular or binocular wide field of view. The head mounted display contains a unique configuration and unique folding optics so that it can be worn like a pair of spectacles or goggles. The optics and frame of the goggles are uniquely designed to accommodate different head dimensions.

Abstract: A lamp for providing uniform luminosity in an area to be illuminated, such as in an operating theatre and the like. The lamp comprises a light source, an infrared filter element, a planar prism field, having a substantial number of radial sectors containing a plurality of transverse, outwardly curved prisms, and a toroidal lens system which controls the divergence of the light emanating from the light source so as to render the light substantially columnate and to direct the light onto the planar prism field, a transparent member beneath the planar prism field to protect the planar prism field from dirt, foreign material and scratches, and a handle extending downwardly from the face of the lamp by which the lamp can be manipulated. The radial sectors are held together in the planar prism field by attachment to one another. As a result, the transparent member can be thin since it is not required to support the planar prism field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lamp for providing uniform luminosity in an area to be illuminated, such as in an operating theatre and the like, comprising generally (a) a light source, (b) a planar field, said planar field comprising a substantial number of radial sectors containing a plurality of transverse, outwardly curved prisms, and (c) a toroidal lens system which controls the divergence of the light emanating from the light source so as to render the light substantially columnate and direct the light onto the planar field. The present invention also includes structure whereby the radial sectors are held together in the planar field by attachment to one another, such as by tongue-and-groove means, and further includes (d) a transparent member located between the planar field and the area to be illuminated which protects the prism sectors from soil and injury.