Abstract: The present invention is an adjustable fluid friction valve. It is comprised of a left cap, a casing, a right cap, a fluid reservoir, a rotated-member, a stem, and an adjustment grip. The adjustment grip is turned by the user's hand and connects to and turns the central stem that connects to and turns the rotated-member. The rotated-member communicates fluid flow to different cross-sections of an annular passage that is disposed in the left cap where it is used for variable flow restriction. It is a groove having a varying cross-sectional area along its length with a smaller beginning terminal and a larger concluding terminal. The smaller beginning terminal is blind and the larger concluding terminal communicates with the mid passage of the left cap. The mid passage communicates with the fluid reservoir. The annular passage receives fluid flow from the rotated-member at a cross-section of its length. A smaller cross-section is accompanied by a longer length.

Abstract: A pivotal add-on apparatus holds down the pedals of any suitable stepper-exercise-machine so that the stepper can be mounted easily. Before the user dismounts the stepper the user takes the handle of the apparatus in his hand and swings an engagement member down to hold the pedals of the stepper down near their lowest position. The pedals stay in this low position until the user mounts the stepper again. One end of the handle of the apparatus is hung on a peg, and the peg is connected to the stepper in a convenient location with a peg fastener. The other end of the handle is connected to a flexible member that is connected to the engagement member. The engagement member is connected to a post that is connected to a pivot. The pivot is connected to the stepper with a pivot attachment.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for an easy to mount and easy to use exercise machine especially helpful to disabled, convalescing and elderly people. Both foot pedals (148) are at their lowest position to start and are dependent on each other. The lever-arms (146) have a long turning radius that minimizes the angle-change of the pedals. The apparatus (30) has a protective cover (32), two foot pedals (148), two lever arms (146), an energy dissipation means (106) with a neutral positioning means for the pedals, a variable exertion-force adjustment means (105), a pedal dependency mechanism (74,94), a transmission (68), an exertion monitoring device (44), handle bars (166), a frame (142), and is easily modified to include an elevator mechanism (120) that raises and lowers the pedals. The unique design keeps most of the moving parts in constant tension eliminating both noise and wear due to direction changes and the need for tight tolerances.