Abstract: A method for scaling and converting sounding data into physical properties of a scanned medium is disclosed. In one embodiment, sounding data is received and transformed into phase space, where the phase space transformation linearizes the sounding data. The slope and intercept of the phase space data is determined and then converted into physical parameters. The physical parameters are then returned. In a more specific embodiment, the critical frequency is returned for an ionogram.

Abstract: A method for scaling and converting sounding data into physical properties of a scanned medium is disclosed. In one embodiment, sounding data is received and transformed into phase space, where the phase space transformation linearizes the sounding data. The slope and intercept of the phase space data is determined and then converted into physical parameters. The physical parameters are then returned. In a more specific embodiment, the critical frequency is returned for an ionogram.

Abstract: A drop compensated pressure regulator includes a spring casing, housing a regulator spring and a relief spring, a lower casing and a diaphragm sandwiched between the two casings. The lower casing has inlet and outlet ports. A one piece cam stem and relief seat is mounted for movement with the diaphragm and includes a cam surface that engages a movable disk holder. The disk holder is movable in a straight line within an orifice tube that supports a valve seat. A cylindrical lower spring seat is coupled by an O ring to the inner wall of the spring casing to dampen vibrations. The cam stem has built in stops to retain it within the orifice tube.

Abstract: A self-operated droop compensated regulator includes a spring casing and a lower casing, sandwiching a diaphragm. The lower casing has inlet and outlet ports. A one piece cam stem and relief seat is mounted for movement with the diaphragm and includes a first cam surface for directly engaging a movable disk holder. The disk holder is movable in a straight line within an orifice tube that supports the valve seat. The cam surface moves the disk holder at a nonlinear rate with respect to the diaphragm. A pressure relief mechanism is incorporated within the upper portion of the diaphragm. A bias spring acts, between a second similar cam surface on the opposite side of the stem and the disk holder, to maintain the first cam surface in contact with the disk holder. The orifice tube has a removable boost end cap for providing a boost action to the diaphragm.

Abstract: A metallic gas pressure regulator includes a spring casing and a lower casing, sandwiching a diaphragm. The lower casing has axially aligned inlet and outlet ports. A one piece plastic cam stem and relief seat is mounted for movement with the diaphragm and includes a cam surface engaging a movable plastic disk holder. The disk holder is movable within a plastic orifice tube that supports a plastic valve seat. The orifice tube has a removable plastic boost end cap for providing a boost action to the diaphragm. A pressure relief mechanism is incorporated within the upper portion of the diaphragm. A metal disk is affixed in the inlet and includes a flow restricting hole and a flow diverter for directing flow toward the pressure relief mechanism in the event of destruction of the plastic orifice tube.

Abstract: A regulator valve includes a spring casing and a lower casing sandwiching a diaphragm. A cylindrical orifice tube defines an inlet and terminates short of an in-line outlet port. A one piece cam stem and relief seat is mounted for movement with the diaphragm and includes cam surfaces for directly engaging a movable disk holder. The disk holder moves in a straight line in the orifice tube and the cam surfaces move the holder at a non linear rate with respect to the diaphragm. The distal portion of the orifice tube houses a boost mechanism. A movable piston in the inlet side of the orifice tube has two pairs of spirally converging grooves on its inner surface for supporting a pair of flat gates that are rotated relative to each other to vary flow area when the piston moves responsive to differences between the inlet pressure and the pressure on the underside of the diaphragm.

Abstract: A self-operated droop compensated regulator includes a spring casing and a lower casing, sandwiching a diaphragm. The lower casing has axially aligned inlet and outlet ports. A one piece cam stem and relief seat is mounted for movement with the diaphragm and includes a first cam surface for directly engaging a movable disk holder. The disk holder is movable in a straight line within an orifice tube that supports the valve seat. The cam surface moves the disk holder at a nonlinear rate with respect to the diaphragm. The orifice tube has an extension for providing a boost action to the diaphragm. A pressure relief mechanism is incorporated within the upper portion of the diaphragm. A bias spring acts, between a second similar cam surface on the opposite side of the stem and the disk holder, to maintain the first cam surface in contact with the disk holder.

Abstract: A single-ported double-seated valve mechanism is a valve body means with an inlet and outlet communicated by a flow passage and a chamber for receiving valve trim. A bonnet is secured to the valve body means. Valve trim is fixedly secured to the bonnet and positioned within the chamber. The bonnet and valve trim may be removed from the valve as a unit. An outwardly extending portion of the bonnet is sized to fit within the valve body wherein the valve body serves as a support or vise.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a valve trim assembly wherein a valve cage member and a valve plug are provided which cannot be independently rotated. A valve stem is affixed to the plug and extends out of the cage. The cage and the stem are threaded for attachment to a valve bonnet and an actuator, respectively, and by rotation of the cage, the cage is attached to the bonnet and the stem is attached to the actuator simultaneously. The stem is prevented from unscrewing from the actuator while the valve is in use, by means of the anti-rotation feature. The trim assembly can thus be installed in, or removed from, a valve quickly and with a minimum number of tools.

Abstract: Described herein is a structure for attachment of two parts of a valve structure in a pressure-tight leakproof relationship, which employs a minimum number of parts and may be quickly disassembled, but which is nonetheless strong, rugged, and durable. This structure includes a first member having two pairs of spaced-apart lugs protruding in a direction generally parallel to the axis of an opening in the first member. A second member is provided which extends into the opening and includes two ears, each ear being adapted for placement between two lugs. The lugs are provided with matching transverse holes, whereby a bolt or pin may be placed through one lug of a pair, then over a portion of an ear, then into the second lug of the pair for securing the two members together in a predetermined relationship. Means are provided for detection of internal pressure in the valve to prevent disassembly thereof prior to removal of the pressure.