Abstract: Described herein are methods for providing an in vitro intestinal model system, e.g., using primary cells instead of cell lines and/or cancerous cells.

Abstract: Portable tester and method for testing a variety of circuit boards without utilizing adaptor boards for re-routing input test signals and supply voltage from the tester to pins of the board under test. A plurality of edge adaptors having different pin spacings have their respective pins connected in parallel to corresponding edge connector stake pins. Each edge connector stake pin is connected to or isolated from the corresponding driver/sensor stake pin by means of a switch. Each driver/sensor stake pin is connected to the input/output terminal of a programmable driver/sensor circuit. A plurality of power supply stake pins are connected to various power supplies of the portable tester. Connectors coupled to the family board can be utilized to route power supply voltages to electrically isolated edge connector stake pins. Isolated driver/sensor outputs can be routed to other edge connector stake pins.