Abstract: Catalysts and processes for the dimerization or co-dimerization of dimerizable olefins are provided. The catalysts comprise at least one elemental alkali metal and a finely divided glass promoter on an alkali metal carbonate support. Optionally, the support may also contain a carbonaceous component, an inorganic metal oxide or stainless steel. The finely divided glass promoter may be combined with finely divided stainless steel, elemental copper, or elemental cobalt.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, method for the preparation thereof, and dimerization process therewith are provided catalyst supports are prepared from an alkali metal carbonate, water, alcohol, and optionally at least one carbonaceous compound. Catalyst systems comprise at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises at least one promoter.

Abstract: Catalysts and processes for the dimerization or co-dimerization of dimerizable olefins are provided. The catalysts comprise at least one elemental alkali metal and a finely divided glass promoter on an alkali metal carbonate support. Optionally, the support may also contain a carbonaceous component, an inorganic metal oxide or stainless steel. The finely divided glass promoter may be combined with finely divided stainless steel, elemental copper, or elemental cobalt.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalysts, method for the preparation thereof, and dimerization processes therewith are provided. Catalyst supports consist essentially of alkaline earth aluminate-containing potassium carbonate with at least one carbonaceous compound and having a crush strength of at least 5 pounds. Catalysts consist essentially of at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the novel catalyst supports. Optionally, the catalysts further contain at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of elemental copper, elemental cobalt, and finely divided stainless steel.

Abstract: A catalyst system consisting essentially of a cobalt salt of a carboxylic acid, an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and an alkanol is set forth and has been employed to oxidize a mercaptan to a disulfide.

Abstract: Novel articles are prepared by forming or shaping protein/polymeric material blends. The resulting articles are attractive to masticating animals. Uses for such as synthetic bones and as a bait or lure are disclosed. Novel compositions as well as method for making the novel articles of the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalysts, method for the preparation thereof, and dimerization processes therewith are provided. Catalyst supports consist essentially of alkaline earth aluminate-containing potassium carbonate with at least one carbonaceous compound and having a crush strength of at least 5 pounds. Catalysts consist essentially of at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the novel catalyst supports. Optionally, the catalysts further contain at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of elemental copper, elemental cobalt, and finely divided stainless steel.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by irradiating a solution of H.sub.2 S dissolved in alkaline liquid medium using light in the visible range.

Abstract: A novel composition and process are provided for cleaning metallic steel surfaces. The aqueous cleaning composition comprises effective amounts of a metal hydroxide, a water soluble surfactant and at least one sulfur containing compound selected from the group consisting of a thioalkanoic compound or a dithiobis (alkanoic) compound. A thioalkanoic compound represented by:R--S--R--COOHand a dithiobis (alkanoic) compound represented byR'OOC--R--(S).sub.n --R--COOR'wherein R is any divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R' is hydrogen or any alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n can be 1, 2, or 3.

Abstract: Novel compositions are provided for the cleaning and inhibiting corrosion of metallic surfaces. The cleaning composition has an active ingredient consisting of at least one sulfur containing compound selected from the group consisting of a bis(N-2 pyrrolidonyl), an (N-2 pyrrolidonyl), or a bis(N-succinimidyl) sulfur-containing compound.

Abstract: In a process wherein hydrogen sulfide is converted to elemental sulfur in the presence of oxygen, an improvement is made by employing an alcoholic solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, free of iron-group salts or other heterogeneous catalysts. High yields of pure sulfur are obtained from such reactions begun at room temperature, without a requirement for heterogeneous catalysts or troublesome intermediates such as sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: A thiol is oxidized to a corresponding disulfide employing a supported cobalt molybdate catalyst in combination with a liquid tertiary amine. 2-propanethiol is converted to diisopropyl disulfide with conversions of the order of 94% and selectivities of the order of 98%.

Abstract: An alkane and/or cycloalkane thiol is converted to disulfide with oxygen or air in presence of a catalyst system comprising a cobalt molybdate-alkali metal- and/or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide. A solvent, e.g., an alcohol or an alcohol-water mixture is employed. In one embodiment, 2-methyl-2-propane thiol (tertiary-butyl mercaptan) is converted.

Abstract: A process for converting sulfolene compounds to sulfolane compounds comprising contacting at least one sulfolene compound with hydrogen in the presence of a metal hydrogenation catalyst and an effective amount of an SO.sub.2 neutralizer or scavenger comprising an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypohalite salt and optionally a tertiary amine. In one embodiment the sulfolene feed is pretreated with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypohalite salt prior to being subjected to hydrogenation to neutralize residual sulfur compounds in the feed thereby minimizing catalyst poisoning.

Abstract: A method for preparing thioamides from amides by contacting an amide with a source of sulfur in the presence of a sulfactive catalyst. In a preferred embodiment the sulfactive catalysts are molybdenum or tungsten and the reactants are contacted at an elevated temperature below 800.degree. F. (427.degree. C.).

Abstract: Methyl mercaptan is prepared by hydrogenating carbonyl sulfide in the presence of a sulfactive catalyst. The carbonyl sulfide is prepared by reacting carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide in the presence of a supported phosphotungstic acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing mercaptans by catalytic cleavage of organic sulfides with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a supported phosphotungstic acid catalyst. The process is particularly advantageous with n-alkyl sulfide feedstock and being highly selective for producing n-alkyl mercaptan product. In one embodiment the presence of carbon disulfide in the reaction mixture increases the conversion at low temperature as compared to the process without the presence of carbon disulfide.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant reactor suitable for high temperature/high pressure operation consisting essentially of ceramic-lined reaction and quench chambers.

Abstract: In a process for preparing mercaptans by catalytic cleavage of organic sulfides with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of sulfactive catalysts a method is provided for increasing the total conversion of reactants to mercaptans by including carbon disulfide in the reaction mixture. In a preferred embodiment carbon disulfide is present in the reaction mixture of hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides in an amount in the molar ratio of about 0.1/1 to about 50/1 organic sulfide to carbon disulfide.

Abstract: N,N-disubstituted thioamides are prepared by contacting N,N-disubstituted amides with carbon disulfide or carbon oxysulfide under suitable reaction conditions. In a preferred embodiment, the reactants are contacted at a temperature of at least about 200.degree. C and a pressure sufficient to maintain the reactants in the liquid phase at the reaction temperature.