Abstract: A recombining lead-acid battery with absorbed electrolyte is disclosed having multiple cells positioned in a sealed monobloc container, and cell partitioning members constructed to define a gas space common to all the cells of the battery. When the battery is overcharged imbalance in electrolyte fill among the cells is reduced as the amount of water in each cell tends to equalize through redistribution via gas recombination preferentially in the drier cells.

Abstract: A spirally wound element comprising opposite polarity plates and interleaved separator is described, for use in electrochemical cylindrical configured cells. The cell pack has a uniform predetermined cross section irrespective of variation in component thickness as long as such thicknesses are within specified tolerances. A dual head, belt-driven winder and method are also described for producing the spiral cell pack.

Abstract: A rechargeable maintenance-free normally sealed lead-acid cell is disclosed having a multilayered electrolyte-retaining separator composed of outer highly porous and compressible microdiameter glass fibrous layers, which contact the positive and negative plates, and a sandwiched substantially dimensionally stable microporous layer having, compared with the glass fibrous layers, a substantially higher resistivity and lesser thickness. The electrolyte is proportioned within the cell and separator so that the bulk of the electrolyte in the cell is contained within the pores of the multilayered separator, and distributed between the layers of the separator in a preferred manner.

Abstract: A spirally wound element comprising opposite polarity plates and interleaved separator is described, for use in electrochemical cylindrically configured cells. The cell pack has a uniform predetermined cross section irrespective of variation in component thicknesses as long as such thicknesses are within specified tolerances. A dual head, belt-driven winder and method are also described for producing the spiral cell pack.

Abstract: A spirally wound element comprising opposite polarity plates and interleaved separator is described, for use in electrochemical cylindrically configured cells. The cell pack has a uniform predetermined cross section irrespective of variation in component thicknesses as long as such thicknesses are within specified tolerances. A dual head, belt-driven winder and method are also described for producing the spiral cell pack.

Abstract: A spirally wound element comprising opposite polarity plates and interleaved separator is described, for use in electrochemical cylindrically configured cells. The cell pack has a uniform predetermined cross section irrespective of variation in component thicknesses as long as such thicknesses are within specified tolerances. Dual head, belt-driven winder and method are also described for producing the spiral cell pack.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are taught for applying an electrochemically active thixotropic paste onto a porous substrate. A discharge means such as a nozzle is used to deliver a predetermined amount of the paste onto the moving substrate which then enters the nip of a set of opposed driven rolls of desired spacing which compresses the paste into the interstices of the pores of the substrate to produce the desired plate.