Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to optical filters that provide regulation and/or enhancement of chromatic and luminous aspects of the color appearance of light to human vision, generally to applications of such optical filters, to therapeutic applications of such optical filters, to industrial and safety applications of such optical filters when incorporated, for example, in radiation-protective eyewear, to methods of designing such optical filters, to methods of manufacturing such optical filters, and to designs and methods of incorporating such optical filters into apparatus including, for example, eyewear and illuminants.

Abstract: A method for determining beamformer scattering parameters for a plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays that each include a radiating (e.g., dipole) component and a beamformer component provides for obtaining for the plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays a plurality of electromagnetic measurements at a plurality of ports. Analogous electromagnetic measurements are obtained for a reference subarray including a radiating component but absent a beamformer component. The plurality of phased array radar antenna subarray electromagnetic measurements and the reference subarray electromagnetic measurements provide a plurality of beamformer scattering parameter values for the plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays that may be used in modeling and calibrating a phased array radar apparatus that may be assembled from the plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays.

Abstract: A method for determining beamformer scattering parameters for a plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays that each include a radiating (e.g., dipole) component and a beamformer component provides for obtaining for the plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays a plurality of electromagnetic measurements at a plurality of ports. Analogous electromagnetic measurements are obtained for a reference subarray including a radiating component but absent a beamformer component. The plurality of phased array radar antenna subarray electromagnetic measurements and the reference subarray electromagnetic measurements provide a plurality of beamformer scattering parameter values for the plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays that may be used in modeling and calibrating a phased array radar apparatus that may be assembled from the plurality of phased array radar antenna subarrays.

Abstract: High rare-earth content glasses (Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3 .gtoreq.20 mol %) have applications as high optical density wavelength-selective filters, faraday rotators, scintillation glasses and high index glasses. New glasses are formed by adding TiO.sub.2 to the system SiO.sub.2 --B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --Ln.sub.2 O.sub.3. These glasses have improved optical properties, extended glass formation range and have superior resistance to devitrification. In some embodiments TiO.sub.2 can fully replace the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. In additional embodiments, SiO.sub.2 can be completely removed from the glass.

Abstract: An optical delivery device includes an optical fiber that receives an output beam of light from a light source such as a laser. The optical fiber includes a linear section, defining a longitudinal axis, and a curved distal end, with a curvature sufficient so that total internal reflection of the light around a bend is maintained and bending losses within the curved distal end are minimized. The curved distal end has a distal output tip that delivers substantially all of the output beam in a defined lateral direction from the longitudinal axis. The numerical aperture of the curved distal end is larger than the numerical aperture of the light in the linear section. The numerical aperture of the curved distal end can be increased by removing the fiber cladding and replacing it with a lower index material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a family of rugged, non-toxic, high damage threshold, fiberizable, infrared transmitting germanate glasses that are suitable for medical laser delivery. They possess excellent visible transmission to utilize an aim beam in conjunction with the infrared laser. The glasses comprise (in mol %) 23.0-76.0% GeO.sub.2, 0-39.0% Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3.0-51.0% SrO, 8.0-17.0% Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-23.0% Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-35.0% ZnO, and optionally one or more of the following components; 0-11.0% TiO.sub.2, 0-20.0% Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-8.0% ZrO.sub.2, 0-13.0% Cs.sub.2 O, 0-10% MgO, 0-27% La.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-25.0% Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-23.0% Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3. These glasses have intrinsic absorption coefficients of less than 0.137, 0.048, 0.024 and 0.021 dB/m at 2.94, 2.796, 2.71 and 2.69 .mu.m, respectively.

Abstract: Rare earth ions with partially filled 4f electron shells are incorporated in an amount of up to 39 mole percent oxide into a glass consisting essentially of, in mole percent, 19-31% SiO.sub.2, 19-31% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-20% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 2-10% amounts of SiO.sub.2 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 should be greater than about 40%, and the amounts of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 and Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 are greater than about 12%. The glass can also include about 0.1 to 5% mole percent of FeO, ZnO or both. Suitable rare earth ions include but are not limited to, Er.sup.3+, Nd.sup.3+, Dy.sup.3+, and Sm.sup.3+. Optionally, the glass can be color corrected to neutral for a wide range of illuminant sources by the addition of one or more of the following: Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, V.sub.2 O.sub.5, Co.sub.3 O.sub.4 or Ti.sub.2 O.sub.3. These glass compositions are useful as absorption filters. In one embodiment, the composition selectively absorbs at 1064 and 532 nm.