Abstract: A substantially inert ultraviolet absorbing compound, and photographic elements containing them, which compound has a peak absorption at less than 400 nm and being of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: X is O or NR.sub.8, Z represents the atoms necessary to complete a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which includes X and N, and the 3-position of the pyrazolone ring may independently be substituted or unsubstituted;R.sub.5 is alkyl, alkenyl, or arylalkyl any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or R.sub.5 may form a ring with a 3-position substituent on the pyrazolone ring or a 4-position substituent on the benzo ring;R.sub.7 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or heterocycle, any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or H; andR.sub.8 is alkyl, alkenyl, or arylalkyl any of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, or H.

Abstract: Hydrophilic organic colloids such as collagen or gelatin are modified for use in photographic elements such as film or paper, or for use as reagents in automated dry chemical analyzers. The modification comprises reaction of some of the carboxy groups attached to the polypeptide with (i) a amide bond forming agent, e.g. 1-pyrrolidinylcarbonylpyridinium chloride, and (ii) a di- or triamine, such as piperazine, diethylenetriamine or ethylenediamine. Such modification enables that colloid to react faster with a gelatin hardener such as bis(vinylsulfonyl)methane (BVSM). When coated over an equal amount of unmodified gelatin, and both layers imbibed with BVSM, a modified gelatin layer showed an enzyme resistance greater than that of the unmodified gelatin. This demonstrates that the modified gelatin hardened preferentially.

Abstract: Hydrophilic organic colloids such as collagen or gelatin are modified for use in photographic elements such as film or paper, or for use as reagents in automated dry chemical analyzers. The modification comprises reaction of some of the carboxy groups attached to the polypeptide with (i) a amide bond forming agent, e.g. 1-pyrrolidinylcarbonylpyridinium chloride, and (ii) a di- or triamine, such as piperazine, diethylenetriamine or ethylenediamine. Such modification enables that colloid to react faster with a gelatin hardener such as bis(vinylsulfonyl)methane (BVSM). When coated over an equal amount of unmodified gelatin, and both layers imbibed with BVSM, a modified gelatin layer showed an enzyme resistance greater than that of the unmodified gelatin. This demonstrates that the modified gelatin hardened preferentially.

Abstract: Amine-enriched proteins, having an increased isoelectric point are provided by reacting a naturally occurring protein with an amide bond forming agent in the presence of a polyamine or a salt thereof. Such amine-enriched proteins such as enzymes are useful as labels in immunoassays.

Abstract: Useful materials for diagnostic tests, affinity chromatography, enzymatic reactions and immunoassays are prepared by covalently attaching reactive compounds containing reactive amino or sulfhydryl groups to polymeric particles having pendant carboxyl groups on the outer surfaces. Such reactive compounds include biologically reactive species, including enzymes, polypeptides and proteins. This attachment is carried out using specific carbamoylonium compounds, namely certain 1-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)pyridinium salts. These compounds react with the carboxyl groups on the particles to form intermediate reactive groups which then react with the amino or sulfhydryl groups to form a covalent linkage between particle and reactive compound. A kit comprises polymeric particles having carboxyl groups on the outer surfaces, and a 1-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)pyridinium salt.

Abstract: An optical article is disclosed containing, for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, a medium exhibiting a second order polarization susceptibility greater than 10.sup.-9 electrostatic units comprised of polar aligned noncentrosymmetric molecular dipoles having an electron donor moiety linked through a conjugated .pi. bonding system to an electron acceptor moiety to permit oscillation of the molecular dipole between a ground state exhibiting a first dipole moment and an excited state exhibiting a differing dipole moment. The molecular dipoles are held in polar alignment by a crosslinked polymeric binder.

Abstract: A photographic imaging system is disclosed comprised of a hardenable organic component containing ethylenic unsaturation sites and coinitiators for ethylenic addition. The coinitiators include an activator and a photosensitizer. The photosensitizer is a 6-tertiary amino-2-(Z--CH.dbd.)benzofuran dye, where Z represents the atoms providing an electron withdrawing carbonyl or sulfonyl group and completing a conjugated methine linkage extending from the electron withdrawing carbonyl group through the benzofuran to the electron donating 6-tertiary amino substituent to form a resonant dye chromophore. The photosensitizers bathochromically extend exposure response of the imaging system.

Abstract: A negative working photoresist is disclosed responsive to imaging radiation of a visible wavelength shorter longer than 550 nm comprised of an organic film forming component containing ethylenic unsaturation and capable of selective immobilization by addition at the site of ethylenic unsaturation and activator and photosensitizer coinitiators for ethylenic addition. The activator is an azinium salt activator, and the photosensitizer is a dye having its principal absorption peak at a wavelength shorter than 550 nm and having a reduction potential which in relation to that of said azinium salt activator is at most 0.1 volt more positive. When the dye is a keto dye, it exhibits when excited by imaging radiation an intersystem crossing efficiency to a triplet state of less than 10 percent.

Abstract: A negative working photoresist is disclosed responsive to imaging radiation of a wavelength longer than 550 nm comprised of an organic film forming component containing ethylenic unsaturation and capable of selective immobilization by addition at the site of ethylenic unsaturation and activator and photosensitizer coinitiators for ethylenic addition. The activator is an azinium salt activator, and the photosensitizer is a dye having its principal absorption peak at a wavelength longer than 550 nm and having a reduction potential which in relation to that of said azinium salt activator is at most 0.1 volt more positive.

Abstract: A photographic imaging system is disclosed comprised of an imaging dye or a precursor thereof, a hardenable organic component containing ethylenic unsaturation sites and capable of imagewise modulating mobility of the dye or dye precursor as a function of addition at the sites of ethylenic unsaturation, and coinitiators for ethylenic addition. The coinitiators include an azinium salt activator and a photosensitizer which is a dye exhibiting a reduction potential which in relation to that of said ionized azinium salt activator is at most 0.1 volt more positive, with the further proviso that, when the photosensitizer is a keto dye having its principal absorption peak at a wavelength shorter than 550 nm, it exhibits when excited by imaging radiation an intersystem crossing efficiency to a triplet state of less than 10 percent.

Abstract: An imaging composition is disclosed comprised of an organic component containing ethylenic unsaturation sites and capable of selective hardening by addition at the sites of ethylenic unsaturation, an azinium salt activator, a photosensitizer having a reduction potential which in relation to the reduction potential of the azinium salt activator is at most 0.1 volt more positive, and an image enhancing amount of benzene substituted with an electron donating amino group and one or more groups capable of imparting a net Hammett sigma value electron withdrawing characteristic of at least +0.20 volt to said benzene ring.

Abstract: Dyes conforming to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n or ##STR2## n is an integer from 0-5 and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of straight- and branched-chain alkyl groups of about 1-6 carbon atoms, have a high extinction coefficient at 488 nm and are compatible with common binders such as cellulose-nitrate. These dyes are useful in deformable recording compositions for optical recording elements, e.g., video discs.

Abstract: A positive, continuous tone, dye image is produced by means of a dye imbibition imaging element comprising (a) a support having thereon, (b) a cationic mordant layer for an anionic dye, and (c) a sensitized photohardenable photopolymer layer consisting essentially of a photosensitive polyesterionomer. A process for forming a positive, continuous tone dye image in a dye imbibition imaging element, as described, comprises the steps of: (1) imagewise exposing the photopolymer layer of the element to activating radiation to imagewise harden the photopolymer layer; then (2) developing the photopolymer layer by means of water rinsing; and, then (3) imbibing an anionic dye into the mordant layer through the unexposed areas of the photopolymer layer. Alternatively, the process comprises immersing the imagewise-exposed element from step (1) into a bath comprising the anionic dye without the need for a water rinsing step.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition, element and method of photopolymerizing the composition or element are disclosed wherein the composition comprises an addition polymerizable compound containing ethylenic unsaturation and a co-initiator including a photopolymerization activator and photosensitizer.In one aspect of the invention, the photosensitizer is selected to be a coumarin having an absorption maximum between about 250 and about 550 nm, and a ##STR1## substituent in the 3-position wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl or alkenyl having 1-12 carbon atoms, or a carboxylic or heterocyclic group having 5-20 nuclear carbon and hetero atoms, the coumarin and the activator being present in an amount sufficient to provide, when the compound is coated, dried and exposed to a medium-pressure mercury light source, a speed which is at least about one-fifth that of the same composition coated, dried and exposed identically except with a co-initiator consisting of Michler's ketone and benzophenone.

Abstract: Sensitizers for photoconductive compositions and elements are disclosed. The sensitizers are 2,4,6 tri substituted pyrylium dye salts wherein at least one of said substituents is a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring having at least one atom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition, element and method of photopolymerizing the composition or element are disclosed wherein the composition comprises an addition polymerizable compound containing ethylenic unsaturation and a co-initiator including a photopolymerization activator and a photosensitizer.In one aspect of the invention, the photosensitizer is selected to be a coumarin having an absorption maximum between about 250 and about 550 nm, and a ##STR1## substituent in the 3-position wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl or alkenyl having 1-12 carbon atoms, or a carbocyclic or heterocyclic group having 5-20 nuclear carbon and hetero atoms, the coumarin and the activator being present in an amount sufficient to provide, when the composition is coated, dried and exposed to a medium-pressure mercury light source, a speed which is at least about one-fifth that of the same composition coated, dried and exposed identically except with a co-initiator consisting of Michler's ketone and benzophenone.

Abstract: A co-initiator for use in an improved photopolymerization composition, element and method is disclosed. The photopolymerizaton composition comprises an addition-polymerizable compound containing ethylenic unsaturation and the co-initiator which includes a photopolymerization activator and an amine-substituted ketocoumarin sensitizer having an absorption maximum between about 350 and about 550 nm; said activator having the structure ##STR1## wherein Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 are each independently hydrogen; alkyl, thioalkyl or alkoxy containing from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; aryl or aryloxy or benzoyloxy containing from about 6 to 10 carbon atoms; hydroxy; or halogen; or together Q.sup.1 or Q.sup.2 are the necessary atoms to complete a fused heterocyclic or aromatic ring containing from about 4 to 6 ring atoms; and Q.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl containing from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Sensitizers for photoconductive compositions and elements are disclosed. The sensitizers are 2,4,6 tri substituted pyrylium dye salts wherein at least one of said substituents is a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring having at least one atom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S.

Abstract: 3-Substituted coumarins are efficient sensitizers for light-sensitive unsaturated materials such as unsaturated vesiculators which release a gas upon exposure to radiation, unsaturated monomers and photocrosslinkable unsaturated polymers, and azides such as photocrosslinkable polymeric azides used in photomechanical resists and lithographic plates. Water soluble derivatives can be used for aqueous coatable or aqueous processable systems.