Abstract: A projection microscope is provided in which light from a light source in the base of the microscope may be directed either up through a specimen mounted on a stage to provide transmitted lighting or obliquely downwardly onto the specimen to provide surface lighting. An objective lens above the illuminated area enlarges the image and focuses it on a projection lens mounted within a fully enclosed housing. Light from the projection lens is reflected by an adjustable mirror either onto the back of a ground glass viewing screen along a first optical axis, or onto a photographic film in a film holder positioned at the top of the housing.