Abstract: A drip irrigation system employs a low-pressure head of about 11/2 to 2 psi preferably by storage of water in a tank providing a column head of about 54 in. Header pipes extending into the field from the column are formed with holes at intervals. For each hole there is a flexible fitting having an end which fits into the header hole with a water-tight fit and has a short nipple at its opposite end. Then plastic tubing (e.g. about 0.001 to 0.002 thick high density polyethylene of approximately 11/4 inch diameter when expanded and formed with holes of about 0.001 to 0.00025 inch diameter at about 24 to 28 holes per foot) is taped to the nipple.

Abstract: A rotatable apparatus for placing lengths of flexible pipe and cable a distance beneath the surface of the ground leaving the soil substantially intact. The pipe laying apparatus includes a shaft having an exterior, a plurality of cutting bits removably mounted on the shaft and a device for securing the cutting bits on the shaft. The cutting bits each have a base, a tool bit, and an attachment device to prevent any rotation by the cutting bits relative to the shaft. The tool bits have a leading cutting edge, a cutting surface extending from the leading cutting edge, and an inclined surface separating the cutting surface and the base. As the shaft rotates, the leading cutting edge and the cutting surface cut through the soil and push it in towards the inclined surface, which in turn displaces the soil in an axial direction. The pipe laying apparatus also includes a plurality of spacers removably mounted to the shaft separating the cutting bits.

Abstract: To dispense quantities of pressurized liquid (e.g., carbonated beverage) from a container of the type having a ring near the base of the neck and a cap on the neck--without removing the cap. A fitting grips the ring. A hollow screw is threaded into the top of the fitting and is turned to seal against the cap in an annular area. A tube fits through the screw, pierces the cap inside the annular area and extends inside the container, the tube being sealed within the screw. A valve on the tube dispenses desired quantities of fluid. Where the cap is exceptionally tough, a lever may be used to force the tube downward to pierce the cap.

Abstract: A tube bender has two readily connectable and detachable members. A base member has a block with two parallel grooves. The tube groove is formed in an arc having the radius of the desired bend and a cross-section with a radius corresponding to the tube diameter. The second groove has straight sides and an arc similar to the tube groove. Pivotally mounted on the base member adjacent the block is a retainer. In its first position a radius therein clamps the tube in the tube groove. In its second position, a fork fits over the conventional ferrule of a connector fitting. The block is notched opposite the retainer to receive the outer end of the fork and a connector nut. The forming member has a crescent-shaped end of a radius complementary to the second groove so that the crescent may fit snugly in the second groove. A forming block on the forming member engages the outside of the tube and causes it to conform to the shape of the groove. For manual operation, the two members have diverging handles.