Abstract: A fuel cell includes a fuel cell stack. A pressure plate is arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack. The pressure plate includes a hole, and a tie rod assembly has a tie rod received in the hole. A nut with a conical surface is secured to the tie rod. An isolator is arranged in the hole between the tie rod assembly and the pressure plate. The isolator has a conical portion, and the conical surface engages the conical portion to provide a conical interface. The tie rod assembly applies a clamp load on the fuel cell stack via the conical interface.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a fuel cell stack. A pressure plate is arranged on one side of the fuel cell stack. The pressure plate includes a hole, and a tie rod assembly has a tie rod received in the hole. A nut with a conical surface is secured to the tie rod. An isolator is arranged in the hole between the tie rod assembly and the pressure plate. The isolator has a conical portion, and the conical surface engages the conical portion to provide a conical interface. The tie rod assembly applies a clamp load on the fuel cell stack via the conical interface.

Abstract: A cremation urn comprising an internal structure with an opening, an external opening with an opening that is correspondingly aligned with the opening on the internal structure, and sealing means in the form of a threaded lid or press fit lid. A threaded flange is attached to the opening on the internal structure and is molded into the urn during manufacturing. The materials used for the urn produce an urn with the appearance of marble. Once the urn is made, by use of a manufacturing method, the threaded lid is screwed into the threaded flange, thereby creating a one-piece, air-tight and water-tight cremation urn.

Abstract: An apparatus for bonding substrates includes a base member having a top surface and a recessed region which is configured for receiving at least a first substrate. The apparatus also has a plurality of support members disposed over the top surface for supporting a second substrate peripherally over the first substrate. Each support member is configured to vary a separation between the first substrate and the second substrate. Moreover, a pressure bar is configured to cause a center portion of the second substrate to contact the first substrate while the support members maintain peripheral separation between the first substrate and the second substrate. In operation, a bonded region between the first and the second substrates is expanded radially from the center portion when the support members are positioned to reduce the separation between the first and the second substrates.

Abstract: An apparatus for bonding substrates includes a base member having a top surface and a recessed region which is configured for receiving at least a first substrate. The apparatus also has a plurality of support members disposed over the top surface for supporting a second substrate peripherally over the first substrate. Each support member is configured to vary a separation between the first substrate and the second substrate. Moreover, a pressure bar is configured to cause a center portion of the second substrate to contact the first substrate while the support members maintain peripheral separation between the first substrate and the second substrate. In operation, a bonded region between the first and the second substrates is expanded radially from the center portion when the support members are positioned to reduce the separation between the first and the second substrates.

Abstract: A method for forming bonded substrates includes providing a plurality of substrates, each of which having a top surface. A characteristic length for each of the plurality of substrates is determined by: determining a topographical profile of the top surface of the substrate from an interior portion to an edge portion along a radial direction, determining a highest point of the profile, and defining the characteristic length as a distance from the highest point to the edge portion. A first substrate and a second substrate are selected where at least one of the first or the second substrates has a characteristic length shorter than a predetermined length. The first substrate and the second substrate are brought into contact and form bonded substrates, with the top surface of the first substrate facing the top surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming bonded substrates includes providing a plurality of substrates, each of which having a top surface. A characteristic length for each of the plurality of substrates is determined by: determining a topographical profile of the top surface of the substrate from an interior portion to an edge portion along a radial direction, determining a highest point of the profile, and defining the characteristic length as a distance from the highest point to the edge portion. A first substrate and a second substrate are selected where at least one of the first or the second substrates has a characteristic length shorter than a predetermined length. The first substrate and the second substrate are brought into contact and form bonded substrates, with the top surface of the first substrate facing the top surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: The present ventilating system is used for homes and buildings located in cold climate areas. The system includes a heat exchanger for extracting heat from the inside air discharged to the exterior and transferring said heat to the outside air admitted into the building. Blowers circulate air through the two paths of the heat exchanger and a motorized damper on the outside air path closes or opens the same. An integrated circuit and the following sensors serve to operate the system as follows: sensors detect the concentration of air contaminants, the humidity and the negative pressure of the air inside the building, while an outside air temperature sensor is also provided. When the level of air contaminants is above an adjustable preset level, the system operates in an inside air upgrading mode, namely air is circulated in both paths of the air exchanger; the same mode is used where humidity level is found to be excessive.

Abstract: There is provided a novel process for the manufacture of anilinofumarate via chloromaleate or chlorofumarate or mixtures thereof.