Abstract: A bitline sense amplifier including: an amplifier which is connected between a first sensing bitline and a second sensing bitline, and detects and amplifies a voltage difference between a first bitline and a second bitline in response to a first control signal and a second control signal; and an equalizer which is connected between a first supply line through which the first control signal is supplied and a second supply line through which the second control signal is supplied, and pre-charges the first bitline and the second bitline with a precharge voltage in response to an equalizing control signal, wherein the equalizer includes an equalizing enable transistor in which a source terminal is connected to the first supply line and performs equalizing in response to the equalizing control signal.

Abstract: A monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention can bind to lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) including a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region and inhibit the activity thereof. Thus it is expected to be useful for the development of immunotherapeutic agents for various disorders that are associated with LAG-3.

Abstract: A method for preparing an aromatic carbonate, of the present invention, comprises the steps of: (A) preparing a reaction mixture containing an aliphatic carbonate by reacting an organometallic compound and carbon dioxide; and (B) preparing an aromatic carbonate by reacting the reaction mixture and an aromatic alcohol. The method for preparing an aromatic carbonate allows an aromatic carbonate to be economically prepared in a high yield by using carbon dioxide as a carbonyl supply source.

Abstract: A method for preparing an aromatic carbonate, of the present invention, comprises the steps of: (A) preparing a reaction mixture containing an aliphatic carbonate by reacting an organometallic compound and carbon dioxide; and (B) preparing an aromatic carbonate by reacting the reaction mixture and an aromatic alcohol. The method for preparing an aromatic carbonate allows an aromatic carbonate to be economically prepared in a high yield by using carbon dioxide as a carbonyl supply source.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carbonic ester includes reacting carbon dioxide and a C1 to C10 alcohol with an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. With the method, carbonic ester can be prepared in high yield without recycling the organometallic compound. M(OR1)4??[Formula 1] wherein M is a Group IV or Group XIV element and each R1 is independently a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aromatic carbonate includes reacting a dialkyl carbonate with an aromatic alcohol in the presence of a catalyst represented by Formula 1. With the method, aromatic carbonate can be prepared from a dialkyl carbonate in high yield using a catalyst capable of increasing initial reactivity of the dialkyl carbonate. wherein X1 and X2 are the same or different and are each independently M—OR1)3 or ?wherein M is a Group IV transition metal, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 hydrocarbon group, and R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C20 cyclic alkylene group or arylene group.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carbonic ester includes reacting carbon dioxide and a C1 to C10 alcohol with an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. With the method, carbonic ester can be prepared in high yield without recycling the organometallic compound. M(OR1)4 ??[Formula 1] wherein M is a Group IV or Group XIV element and each R1 is independently a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A method of preparing an aromatic carbonate includes reacting a dialkyl carbonate with an aromatic alcohol in the presence of a catalyst represented by Formula 1. With the method, aromatic carbonate can be prepared from a dialkyl carbonate in high yield using a catalyst capable of increasing initial reactivity of the dialkyl carbonate. wherein X1 and X2 are the same or different and are each independently M?OR1)3 or wherein M is a Group IV transition metal, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 hydrocarbon group, and R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C20 cyclic alkylene group or arylene group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for synthesizing an aromatic carbonate, a method of preparing the same, and a method of preparing an aromatic carbonate from dialkyl carbonate using the catalyst. The catalyst has a unit structure consisting of Formulae 1a, 1b or 1c: wherein R1 is C1-C5 alkyl, R2 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

Abstract: A method of preparing aromatic carbonate from dialkyl carbonate includes reacting an aromatic hydroxyl compound and dialkyl carbonate in the presence of at least one type of samarium-containing catalyst represented by Formula 1, Formula 2, or a combination thereof: SmX3??[Formula 1] wherein each X is the same or different and is independently C1 to C10 alkoxy, C1 to C10 alkyl phenoxy or phenoxy, and wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are independently hydrogen or C1 to C6 alkyl.

Abstract: A method of preparing aromatic carbonate from dialkyl carbonate includes reacting an aromatic hydroxyl compound and dialkyl carbonate in the presence of at least one type of samarium-containing catalyst represented by Formula 1, Formula 2, or a combination thereof: SmX3 ??[Formula 1] wherein each X is the same or different and is independently C1 to C10 alkoxy, C1 to C10 alkyl phenoxy or phenoxy, and wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are independently hydrogen or C1 to C6 alkyl.