Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for managing a product distribution. The product distribution management method may include: reading a security key of a product from a security tag attached to the product; transferring the read security key to a security server; receiving, from the security server, first authentication information that is encrypted using the security key; receiving, from the security tag, second authentication information that is encrypted using the security key; and determining whether the security tag is duplicated, based on the first authentication information and the second authentication information.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for implementing an electro-optical cable distribution network in which a coaxial cable is replaced with an optical cable in order to provide a service integrating broadcast data and communication data by solving a frequency constraint problem in a cable television (CATV) network employing a conventional hybrid-fiber coaxial (HFC) network architecture. The apparatus includes an optical network unit (ONU) which converts a downstream signal received from a system operator (SO) into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to an optical cable; and an optical cable modem which receives the optical downstream signal from the ONU and converts the received signal into an electrical signal. In addition, the ONU and the optical cable modem control signal quality of an optical path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for duplex protection switching by using a single splitter in a passive optical network (PON) are provided. The apparatus for duplex protection switching in a PON, in which a single optical line termination (OLT) and many optical network terminations (ONTs) are connected together in a multiple-access manner, includes: a 2:2 splitter connected to two PON line terminations (LTs) in the OLT; and two N:1 splitters which are connected to the 2:2 splitter, and each of which is connected to two PON LTs in the ONT. According to the method and apparatus, an economical effect can be provided in which two links, an operational link and a protection link, in the PON can provide a partial duplex function at a lower cost. Also, a protection switching time can be reduced by simplifying a restoration process so that when an error is detected, an operational state is returned by protection switching.