Abstract: In an embodiment, a system for managing an electronic card of a vehicle, an apparatus therefor, and a method therefor can include a processor configured to recognize a unique identification of a terminal loaded in the vehicle, compare the unique identification of the terminal loaded in the vehicle with a first unique identification stored in a memory to determine whether the terminal loaded in the vehicle is replaced, and if it is determined that the terminal loaded in the vehicle is replaced with a second terminal different from the first terminal, transmit a second unique identification of the second terminal to a server. The server may update the first unique identification to the second unique identification transmitted from the processor and delete a second electronic card previously issued to the second terminal.

Abstract: The electronic toll collection system includes a mobile device of a first user, a vehicle including a memory configured to store first login information of the first user and second login information of a second user and an IC chip configured to perform payment, and a server configured to communicate with the mobile device and the vehicle. The server, upon receiving the first login information of the first user and sharing condition information for the IC chip from the vehicle, the IC chip as a sharable chip, transmits, upon receiving the second login information of the second user and sharing request information from the vehicle, the received sharing request information to the mobile device, and transmits, upon receiving sharing approval information and sharing condition information from the mobile device, the activation command or deactivation command of the IC chip to the vehicle based on the received sharing condition information.

Abstract: A method of decoloring an ionic liquid includes preparing a discolored ionic liquid, and decoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays. An ionic liquid that is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification is decolored and can thus be reused. The method of decoloring the ionic liquid is effective because an ionic liquid, which is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification, can be decolored in a simple manner and also because an ionic liquid, which is discolored and is thus difficult to apply to the purification of an organic material, can be decolored in a simple manner, and can thus be reused in the form of a high-purity ionic liquid.

Abstract: A method of decoloring an ionic liquid includes preparing a discolored ionic liquid, and decoloring the discolored ionic liquid through irradiation with UV rays. An ionic liquid that is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification is decolored and can thus be reused. The method of decoloring the ionic liquid is effective because an ionic liquid, which is discolored due to heat treatment upon purification, can be decolored in a simple manner and also because an ionic liquid, which is discolored and is thus difficult to apply to the purification of an organic material, can be decolored in a simple manner, and can thus be reused in the form of a high-purity ionic liquid.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus includes an interface to detect a touch input, to detect a touch region corresponding to the touch input, and to identify an object that is overlapped by the touch input by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; a processing unit to generate a second object based on the first object, and to display the second object in an untouched region; and a control unit to execute an operation corresponding to the second object. A method for executing an operation according to a touch input includes detecting a touch input and a corresponding touch region; identifying an object overlapped by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; generating a second object based on the first object; displaying the second object in an untouched region; and executing an operation corresponding to the second object.

Abstract: A flat panel display with a black matrix and a fabrication method of the same. The flat panel display has an insulating substrate at the upper part of which a pixel electrode is equipped; an opaque conductive film formed on the front surface of the insulating substrate except at the pixel electrode; an insulating film equipped with a contact hole exposing a portion of the opaque conductive film; and a thin film transistor equipped with a gate electrode, and conductive patterns for source/drain electrodes connected to the opaque conductive film through the contact hole.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus includes an interface to detect a touch input, to detect a touch region corresponding to the touch input, and to identify an object that is overlapped by the touch input by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; a processing unit to generate a second object based on the first object, and to display the second object in an untouched region; and a control unit to execute an operation corresponding to the second object. A method for executing an operation according to a touch input includes detecting a touch input and a corresponding touch region; identifying an object overlapped by at least a reference percentage in the touch region as a first object; generating a second object based on the first object; displaying the second object in an untouched region; and executing an operation corresponding to the second object.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a mobile terminal and a method for displaying information using the same. A mobile terminal includes a display unit that displays information or applications processed in the mobile terminal on a display panel; and a control unit that controls the information or applications displayed on the display unit to be rotated at an angle with respect to the display panel and controls additional information or applications to be displayed on portions about the displayed information or applications produced by the rotation if a reference signal is inputted to the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A flat panel display device which is capable of preventing in-line shorts by forming as a face plate a common power line impressing an equal power supply to all pixels. The flat panel display includes a power supply layer formed on an insulation substrate and connected with source/drain electrodes through contact holes; and an insulating layer formed with a contact hole to insulate the power supply layer and a thin film transistor, wherein the thin film transistor is formed over the insulating layer and includes the source/drain electrodes.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display in which a black matrix with a concentration gradient of a transparent material and a metallic material is formed on the same surface as a pixel electrode. The black matrix and a pixel electrode of the organic electroluminescent display are formed using only one masking operation. The black matrix has a concentration gradient of a continuous gradient structure in which constituents of the transparent material are continuously decreased while constituents of the metallic material are continuously increased as a thickness of the black matrix is increased, a step gradient structure in which the constituents of the transparent material are gradually decreased while the constituents of the metallic material are gradually increased as the thickness of the black matrix is increased, or a multi-gradient structure in which the continuous gradient structure and/or the step gradient structure are repeated.

Abstract: A flat panel display with a black matrix and a fabrication method of the same. The flat panel display has an insulating substrate at the upper part of which a pixel electrode is equipped; an opaque conductive film formed on the front surface of the insulating substrate except at the pixel electrode; an insulating film equipped with a contact hole exposing a portion of the opaque conductive film; and a thin film transistor equipped with a gate electrode, and conductive patterns for source/drain electrodes connected to the opaque conductive film through the contact hole.

Abstract: A flat panel display has an insulating substrate at the upper part of which a pixel electrode is equipped; an opaque conductive film formed on the front surface of the insulating substrate except at the pixel electrode; an insulating film equipped with a contact hole exposing a portion of the opaque conductive film; and a thin film transistor equipped with a gate electrode, and conductive patterns for source/drain electrodes connected to the opaque conductive film through the contact hole.

Abstract: A flat panel display device which is capable of preventing in-line shorts by forming as a face plate a common power line impressing an equal power supply to all pixels. The flat panel display includes a power supply layer formed on an insulation substrate and connected with source/drain electrodes through contact holes; and an insulating layer formed with a contact hole to insulate the power supply layer and a thin film transistor, wherein the thin film transistor is formed over the insulating layer and includes the source/drain electrodes.

Abstract: A flat panel display device which is capable of preventing in-line shorts by forming as a face plate a common power line impressing an equal power supply to all pixels. The flat panel display includes a power supply layer formed on an insulation substrate and connected with source/drain electrodes through contact holes; and an insulating layer formed with a contact hole to insulate the power supply layer and a thin film transistor, wherein the thin film transistor is formed over the insulating layer and includes the source/drain electrodes.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a flat panel display comprises forming a first electrode, forming at least one organic electroluminescent layer on the first electrode, forming an second electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises a first component of a transparent material and a second component of a metallic material, and the forming of the first electrode comprises depositing the first and second components so as to have a gradual concentration gradient in which the first component is decreased while the second component is increased at a part in contact with the exposed electrode, according to a thickness of the first electrode. The first electrode functions as a pixel electrode and a black matrix of the flat panel display.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display in which a black matrix with a concentration gradient of a transparent material and a metallic material is formed on the same surface as a pixel electrode. The black matrix and a pixel electrode of the organic electroluminescent display are formed using only one masking operation. The black matrix has a concentration gradient of a continuous gradient structure in which constituents of the transparent material are continuously decreased while constituents of the metallic material are continuously increased as a thickness of the black matrix is increased, a step gradient structure in which the constituents of the transparent material are gradually decreased while the constituents of the metallic material are gradually increased as the thickness of the black matrix is increased, or a multi-gradient structure in which the continuous gradient structure and/or the step gradient structure are repeated.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a flat panel display comprises forming a first electrode, forming at least one organic electroluminescent layer on the first electrode, forming an second electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises a first component of a transparent material and a second component of a metallic material, and the forming of the first electrode comprises depositing the first and second components so as to have a gradual concentration gradient in which the first component is decreased while the second component is increased at a part in contact with the exposed electrode, according to a thickness of the first electrode. The first electrode functions as a pixel electrode and a black matrix of the flat panel display.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a conductive layer having a transparent conductive material and a metallic material. The conductive layer has a gradual concentration gradient and is used as a pixel electrode and a black matrix at the same time. A fabrication method of the flat panel display includes forming a thin film transistor equipped with source/drain electrodes on a substrate, forming an insulation layer on the substrate having the thin film transistor, forming a via hole which exposes one of the source/drain electrodes, and forming an anti-reflection layer connected to the exposed one of the source/drain electrode. The anti-reflection layer functions as a pixel electrode and a black matrix of the flat panel display.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a conductive layer having a transparent conductive material and a metallic material. The conductive layer has a gradual concentration gradient and is used as a pixel electrode and a black matrix at the same time. A fabrication method of the flat panel display includes forming a thin film transistor equipped with source/drain electrodes on a substrate, forming an insulation layer on the substrate having the thin film transistor, forming a via hole which exposes one of the source/drain electrodes, and forming an anti-reflection layer connected to the exposed one of the source/drain electrode. The anti-reflection layer functions as a pixel electrode and a black matrix of the flat panel display.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display in which a black matrix with a concentration gradient of a transparent material and a metallic material is formed on the same surface as a pixel electrode. The black matrix and a pixel electrode of the organic electroluminescent display are formed using only one masking operation. The black matrix has a concentration gradient of a continuous gradient structure in which constituents of the transparent material are continuously decreased while constituents of the metallic material are continuously increased as a thickness of the black matrix is increased, a step gradient structure in which the constituents of the transparent material are gradually decreased while the constituents of the metallic material are gradually increased as the thickness of the black matrix is increased, or a multi-gradient structure in which the continuous gradient structure and/or the step gradient structure are repeated.