Abstract: A negative active material, a negative electrode, a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of preparing the negative active material. The negative active material includes a crystalline carbonaceous substrate; and metal oxide nanoparticles disposed on a surface of the crystalline carbonaceous substrate, wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles have a rutile structure. The negative active material may be used to improve high temperature stability and lifespan characteristics of a lithium battery.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include an inversion control signal generation circuit, a pattern control signal generation circuit, and a data input/output (I/O) circuit. The inversion control signal generation circuit may generate an inversion control signal according to a logic level combination of bit patterns included in at least one of a first address and a second address. The pattern control signal generation circuit may generate a pattern control signal from a pre-control signal in response to the inversion control signal. In response to the pattern control signal, the data input/output (I/O) circuit may generate data signals that will be output to an internal I/O line based on data signals loaded on a local I/O line.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an engine structure for a vehicle. The engine structure includes: an intake port, a port plate provided in the single flow path of the intake port, and an injector. The port plate is longitudinally parallel to the flow path of the intake port so as to divide the flow path of the intake port into upper and lower flow paths, and the port plate includes an extension portion formed on part of a downstream end of the port plate such that the extension portion of the downstream end of the port plate extends longer than other portion of the downstream end of the port plate. In particular, the injector is provided in the intake port, and sprays fuel beyond the extension portion so as to inhibit the fuel from adhering to the port plate.

Abstract: An auxiliary cooling system which is provided separately from an engine cooling passage in a vehicle provided with a turbo engine. The auxiliary cooling system includes a first line which connects a radiator and an intercooler to each other and on which an electric water pump is installed. A second line connects the intercooler and an intake manifold. A third line connects the intake manifold and the radiator, and a bypass valve selectively directly transfers cooling water, heated while passing through a turbine housing provided on a path of the third line, to the radiator or transfers the cooling water to the radiator via an engine block or a heater. Cooling water discharged from the intake manifold passes through an ETC (electronic throttle control) unit and thus reduces a temperature of intake air passing through the ETC unit.

Abstract: An engine system includes an engine including one or more cylinders for generating a driving torque, a plurality of intake lines for supplying external air to the one or more cylinders, and one or more electric superchargers disposed on, or in, the plurality of intake lines.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling fuel injection according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may include a driving information detector for detecting driving information including a fresh air amount flowing into an intake manifold through a throttle valve, a recirculation gas amount supplied to the intake manifold through an exhaust gas recirculation apparatus, a fuel vapor amount supplied to the intake manifold through a canister purge system, a gas amount supplied to a cylinder from the intake manifold, an internal pressure of the intake manifold, an internal temperature of the intake manifold, a pressure of a recirculation gas and a temperature of the recirculation gas; an injector for injecting fuel into the cylinder; and a controller for calculating gas amount supplied to the cylinder at a next intake stroke from the driving information and controlling fuel amount injected by the injector at the next intake stroke to be a target air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: An engine system for removing condensed water may comprise an engine including a plurality of combustion chambers generating driving torque by combustion of fuel; an intake line, in which fresh air flows into the combustion chambers; an exhaust line, in which exhaust gas flows, having been exhausted from the combustion chambers; and an intercooler for cooling compressed air by a compressor of a turbocharger, the intercooler having a coolant circulation line in which coolant flows for cooling the engine.

Abstract: An engine system may include: an engine including a plurality of cylinders generating driving torque by combustion of fuel; a first exhaust manifold connected to some of cylinders of the plurality of cylinders; a second exhaust manifold connected to remaining cylinders of the plurality of cylinders; a turbocharger including a turbine rotated by exhaust gas that is exhausted from the first exhaust manifold and a compressor rotated together with the turbine and compressing air supplied to the cylinders; and an supercharger including a motor and an compressor operated by the motor in order to supply compressed air to the cylinders.

Abstract: An apparatus for purging fuel vapor includes: a turbocharger; a recirculation valve; a canister connected with a fuel tank through a vapor line and collecting fuel vapor of fuel stored in the fuel tank; a purge control solenoid valve installed in a main purge line connected with the canister and selectively blocking the fuel vapor collected in the canister; a first check valve; a second check valve; and a differential pressure creating valve installed in the intake line at the upstream portion of the compressor, and creating negative pressure.

Abstract: An engine structure for a vehicle includes: a turbocharger rotating by a flow of exhaust gas and compress intake air; a first runner communicating with at least one of a plurality of combustion chambers which are formed in an engine and communicating with the turbocharger; a second runner communicating with remaining combustion chambers which are not in communication with the first runner; and a supercharger rotating by a motor, which is cooled by a coolant, and compressing intake air.

Abstract: An engine system may include an engine, an intake line, a cylinder deactivation (CDA) device mounted at a portion of combustion chambers, a first exhaust manifold connected to combustion chambers mounted with the CDA device, a second exhaust manifold connected to combustion chambers without the CDA device, a first exhaust line flowing exhaust gas exhausted from the first exhaust manifold, a second exhaust line flowing exhaust gas exhausted from the second exhaust manifold, a main exhaust line to which the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line are joined, an exhaust gas processing device at which the main exhaust line is installed, a turbocharger mounted at the first exhaust line, an electric supercharger installed at the intake line to supply supercharged air to the combustion chamber and an electric compressor, and an air injection device supplying the fresh air to the second exhaust manifold or the second exhaust line.

Abstract: A control apparatus of an engine having a turbocharger may include the engine generating power by combustion of a fuel, the turbocharger including a turbine operated by exhaust gas of the engine and a compressor connected to the turbine by a rotating shaft, and thus supercharging air to a combustion chamber provided in the engine by the compressor, a detecting sensor detecting pre-ignition in the combustion chamber of the engine, and a controller controlling supercharging pressure supplied to the combustion chamber by using a required torque, ignition timing of the combustion chamber, and an air-fuel ratio, and thus controlling the pre-ignition in the combustion chamber, when the pre-ignition in the combustion chamber may be detected by the detecting sensor.

Abstract: An engine system may include an engine including first and second cylinder banks; a throttle valve; a first exhaust manifold gathering exhaust gas exhausted from the first cylinder bank to be supplied to the first exhaust line; a second exhaust manifold gathering exhaust gas exhausted from the second cylinder bank to be supplied to the second exhaust line; a turbocharger including a turbine rotated by the exhaust gas exhausted through the first exhaust manifold and a compressor rotated in connection with the turbine; a cylinder deactivation (CDA) device selectively deactivating the cylinders of the first cylinder bank; and a supercharger including a motor and an electric compressor operated by the motor.

Abstract: A method for controlling an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system which is provided with an intake throttle valve and an EGR valve driven by a motor may include detecting an engine speed and an amount of intake air for each cylinder of an engine while the engine is operating, determining an amount of air flow supplied to the engine based on the engine speed and the amount of intake air for each cylinder, determining an equivalent cross-section of the EGR valve based on the amount of air flow, determining an opening angle of the EGR valve based on the engine speed, the amount of intake air for each cylinder, the amount of air flow, and the equivalent cross-section of the EGR valve, and controlling the EGR valve according to the opening angle of the EGR valve.

Abstract: An engine system may include an engine having an intake line flowing an intake gas supplied to the combustion chambers; an intake manifold; a throttle valve provided at a front of the intake manifold and controlling an air amount supplied to the combustion chamber; an electric supercharger provided at the throttle valve and including a motor and an electric compressor operated by the motor to supply the supercharged air to the combustion chamber; an exhaust gas processing device purifying an exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber; and an exhaust gas recirculation device including a recirculation line branched from the downstream portion of the exhaust gas processing device and joined to the intake line of the upstream portion of the electric compressor, an EGR cooler mounted at the recirculation line, and an EGR valve mounted at a part where the recirculation line and the intake line are joined.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electric continuous variable valve timing apparatus improves starting performance of an engine by a simplified phase control for the camshaft. The method, in which intake and exhaust timing of an engine is changed in accordance with a phase of the camshaft, may include: determining whether starting off of the engine is required during driving; recognizing a target phase of the camshaft for next starting of the engine; controlling the phase of the camshaft so that the intake timing of the engine is advanced in accordance with the target phase; and ending the phase control of the camshaft in accordance with a state of the engine or the camshaft.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an engine having a variable valve actuator include: an engine including a plurality of cylinders generating a driving torque by burning fuel, an intake valve selectively opened for supplying air and the fuel to the cylinders through an intake manifold, and an exhaust valve selectively opened for exhausting exhaust gas generated from the cylinders to an exhaust manifold; a variable valve actuator disposed in at least one cylinder of the plurality of cylinders and adjusting lift and duration of the intake valve or the exhaust valve; and a controller deactivating the at least one cylinder of the plurality of cylinders through the variable valve actuator according to a driving region of the engine, and recirculating the exhaust gas exhausted from the cylinders into the intake manifold through the deactivated cylinder.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an engine includes an engine including a plurality of combustion chambers for generating driving torque by burning a fuel, a high-capacity turbocharger including a turbine rotated by the exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chambers and a compressor rotated together with the turbine for compressing exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion chamber, an electric supercharger including a motor and an electric compressor operated by the motor, a throttle valve for adjusting an intake air amount supplied to the combustion chamber, a driving information detector for detecting driving information including a required torque and an engine speed, and a controller for determining a driving region of the engine from the driving information detected by the driving information detector, and controlling engine torque by adjusting an opening of the throttle valve and an output of the motor according to the driving region of the engine.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include an inversion control signal generation circuit, a pattern control signal generation circuit, and a data input/output (I/O) circuit. The inversion control signal generation circuit may generate an inversion control signal according to a logic level combination of bit patterns included in at least one of a first address and a second address. The pattern control signal generation circuit may generate a pattern control signal from a pre-control signal in response to the inversion control signal. In response to the pattern control signal, the data input/output (I/O) circuit may generate data signals that will be output to an internal I/O line based on data signals loaded on a local I/O line.

Abstract: An engine cooling system may include a main intake line for supplying external air to an intake manifold attached to an engine including a cylinder block and a cylinder head, a supplementary intake line branched from one side of the main intake line and joined to the other side of the main intake line, an intake route control valve in the main intake line, a main exhaust line for flowing exhaust gas from an exhaust manifold, an exhaust route control valve in the main exhaust line, a turbocharger, an intercooler mounted to the supplementary intake line on a downstream side of the turbocharger, an EGR cooler branched from the exhaust manifold for recirculating the exhaust gas and provided in an EGR line connected to the main intake line; and a cooling line for flowing a coolant supplied from a water pump to cool the EGR cooler, the exhaust route control valve and/or the turbine housing of the turbocharger.