Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display including: a first substrate; a gate line, a data line, and a common voltage line formed on the first substrate; a first passivation layer formed on the gate line, the data line, and the common voltage line; and a pixel electrode and a common electrode formed on the first passivation layer and overlapping each other with a second passivation layer therebetween, and the common electrode is connected to the common voltage line through a common contact hole, and the common contact hole is disposed for every two or more dots.

Abstract: Provided is an ion beam treatment apparatus including the target. The ion beam treatment apparatus includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposed to the first surface, and including a cone type hole decreasing in width from the first surface to the second surface to pass through the substrate, wherein an inner wall of the substrate defining the cone type hole is formed of a metal, an ion generation thin film attached to the second surface to generate ions by a laser beam incident into the cone type hole through the first surface and strengthen, and a laser that emits a laser beam to generate ions from the ion generation thin film and project the ions onto a tumor portion of a patient. The laser beam incident into the cone type hole is focused by the cone type hole and is strengthened.

Abstract: Provided is an ion beam treatment apparatus. The treatment apparatus includes a target for generating positive ions including a thin film for generating positive ions and nanowires disposed on at least one side of the thin film for generating positive ions, and a laser for emitting a laser beam incident on nanowires to project positive ions to a tumor region of a patient by generating the positive ions from the thin film for generating positive ions. Each of the nanowires may include a metal nanocore and a polymer shell surrounding the metal nanocore. The laser beam incident on the nanowires forms surface plasmon resonance, a near field having an intensity enhanced more than an intensity of the laser beam is formed by the surface plasmon resonance, and the positive ions are emitted from the thin film for generating positive ions by the near field.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating a proton beam, which includes a laser system providing a laser pulse, a target generating a proton beam by using the laser pulse, and a phase conversion plate disposed between the laser system as a light source and the target to convert the laser pulse into a circularly polarized laser pulse having a spiral shape.

Abstract: A display substrate has first and second conductive layers separated from one another by an insulation layer. The first and second conductive layers are used to integrally form on the display substrate, pixel units in a relatively central display area of the substrate and integrated gate driving circuitry as well as associated wirings thereof in one or more peripheral areas. The first and second conductive layers are covered by a first protection layer made of a first electrically insulative material. A second and supplementing protection layer is provided on top of the first protection layer. The supplementing protection layer (buffer layer) is formed of a material different from that of the first protection layer so as to provide supplemental resistance against corrosive chemical agents and supplemental resistance against formation of cracks.

Abstract: Provided is an ion beam treatment apparatus. The treatment apparatus includes a target for generating positive ions including a thin film for generating positive ions and nanowires disposed on at least one side of the thin film for generating positive ions, and a laser for emitting a laser beam incident on nanowires to project positive ions to a tumor region of a patient by generating the positive ions from the thin film for generating positive ions. Each of the nanowires may include a metal nanocore and a polymer shell surrounding the metal nanocore. The laser beam incident on the nanowires forms surface plasmon resonance, a near field having an intensity enhanced more than an intensity of the laser beam is formed by the surface plasmon resonance, and the positive ions are emitted from the thin film for generating positive ions by the near field.

Abstract: A display substrate has first and second conductive layers separated from one another by an insulation layer. The first and second conductive layers are used to integrally form on the display substrate, pixel units in a relatively central display area of the substrate and integrated gate driving circuitry as well as associated wirings thereof in one or more peripheral areas. The first and second conductive layers are covered by a first protection layer made of a first electrically insulative material. A second and supplementing protection layer is provided on top of the first protection layer. The supplementing protection layer (buffer layer) is formed of a material different from that of the first protection layer so as to provide supplemental resistance against corrosive chemical agents and supplemental resistance against formation of cracks.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of tracking the movement of an eyeball in eyeball tumor treatment. The method includes a calibration step of storing an actual length for each pixel of an image in a storage unit, a template image generation step of storing a patient's eyeball image as a template image of the patient's eyeball in the storage unit, an eyeball location tracking step of, during the treatment of the patient's eyeball, determining whether movement of the treatment image has occurred by comparing treatment images of the patient's eyeball in real time with the template image, and a control step of stopping the operation of the proton beam output device if the movement of the treatment image deviates from a preset tolerance range, and keeping operation of the proton beam output device normal if the movement of the treatment image is within the tolerance range.

Abstract: Provided is an analysis apparatus for a high energy particle and an analysis method for a high energy particle. The analysis apparatus for the high energy particle includes a scintillator generating photons with each unique wavelength by the impinging with a plurality of kinds of accelerated high energy particles, a parallel beam converting unit making the photons proceed in parallel to one another, a diffraction grating panel making the photons proceeding in parallel to one another enter at a certain angle, and refracting the photons at different angles depending on each unique wavelength, and a plurality of sensing units arranged on positions where the photons refracted at different angles from the diffraction grating panel reach in a state of being spatially separated, and detecting each of the photons.

Abstract: Provided are an ion generation target and a treatment apparatus using the same. The treatment apparatus includes an ion generation material generating the ions by incident laser beam, the ion generation material generating a bubble having a hemispheric shape, a support supporting the bubble having the hemispheric shape, a bubble generation member for generating the bubble having the hemispheric shape on the support by using the ion generation material, and a laser radiating laser beam onto a surface of the bubble to generate ions from the ion generation material, thereby projecting the ions onto a tumor portion of a patient.

Abstract: Provided is a method for modifying a surface of a cyclic olefin copolymer, comprising: coating a compound of the following Chemical Formula 1 on the surface of a cyclic olefin copolymer substrate, irradiating UV light on the cyclic olefin copolymer substrate, and polymerizing a monomer on the cyclic olefin where X is H or F, and n is an integer of 1 to 6.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biochip analysis device which includes first and second spatial light modulators; and a spatial light modulation driver configured to drive the first and second spatial light modulators, wherein the first spatial light modulator varies a wavelength of light to be irradiated to a biochip in response to a control of the spatial light modulation driver and the spatial light modulator passes a fluorescence signal selected from fluorescence signals generated by the biochip in response to a control of the spatial light modulation driver.

Abstract: Provided are a microfluidic device and a microfluidic analysis equipment. The microfluidic device includes guides disposed along both edges, a lower plate including a flow path defined between the guides, and a movable upper plate moved along the guides on the lower plate and having a length less than that the flow path. A fluid flow can be simply accurately controlled by adjusting a position of the movable upper plate. As a result, the fluid can sufficiently react in the detection part and the reaction part. Therefore, effective reaction and detection can be realized using only a small amount of fluid, thereby improving sensitivity. In addition, due to the improved sensitivity, a washing process for removing materials that are not consumed in the reaction can be omitted. Also, the movable upper plate can be manually moved using a user's finger.

Abstract: Provided is a lab-on-a-chip. The lab-on-a-chip includes a first region where a lower substrate and an upper substrate are bonded to each other, a second region where the lower and upper substrates are not bonded, and a gap adjusting member disposed at an end of the second region that is opposite to a boundary between the first and second regions, the gap adjusting member being configured to adjust a gap between the first and second substrates to control a capillary force.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate, a gate line formed on the substrate, a data line intersecting the gate line and including a source electrode, a drain electrode facing the source electrode, a passivation layer formed on the data line and the drain electrode, a color filter formed on the passivation layer, a cover formed on the color filter and having a contact hole exposing the drain electrode, and a pixel electrode formed on the cover and connected to the drain electrode through the contact hole, wherein the cover includes a dummy hole exposing the color filter.

Abstract: Disclosed are a biomolecule array and a method of fabricating a biomolecule array chip using the same. The present disclosure provides a simple method of fabricating a biomolecule array chip by coupling a pillar array with a well array The pillar array is provided with pillars protruded from a surface of a substrate, having a predetermined size and being arranged at a predetermined interval and is configured to apply biomolecules to a top surface of a pillar and the well array is configured so that each pillar formed in the pillar array is inserted into each well of the well array corresponding one-to-one after the biomolecule solutions are injected into each well.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to a system and method for keeping a vehicle in a lane in consideration of a steering wheel contortion angle, and more particularly, to a system for keeping a vehicle in a lane in consideration of a steering wheel contortion angle, which estimates the path of a vehicle in consideration of a steering wheel contortion angle attributable to the distortion of a steering shaft, thus improving the safety and riding comfort of occupants.

Abstract: The present apparatus stabilizes the behavior of the vehicle when a lateral disturbance occurs and includes a lateral disturbance detection unit, a target yaw rate computation unit and a vehicle yaw rate control unit. The lateral disturbance detection unit detects a lateral disturbance. The target yaw rate computation unit calculates a driver's steering angle when the lateral disturbance is detected, and calculates a target yaw rate using the calculated driver's steering angle, and vehicle information, including vehicle behavior information and vehicle specification information. The vehicle yaw rate control unit controls a vehicle yaw rate so as to attenuate a turning moment attributable to the lateral disturbance, thereby causing the controlled vehicle yaw rate to converge on the calculated target yaw rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a programmable mask used in a photolithography process for fabricating a biomolecule array and a method of fabricating a biomolecule array using the same and, more particularly, to a programmable mask which can increase a contrast ratio of transmittance versus shielding of light incident to a liquid crystal which constitutes each pixel by irradiating parallel ultraviolet (“UV”) light generated from an external parallel light exposure device to a certain cell and using a vertically aligned liquid crystal panel or an LC panel having no spacer, and a method of fabricating a biomolecule array using the same.

Abstract: A display substrate has first and second conductive layers separated from one another by an insulation layer. The first and second conductive layers are used to integrally form on the display substrate, pixel units in a relatively central display area of the substrate and integrated gate driving circuitry as well as associated wirings thereof in one or more peripheral areas. The first and second conductive layers are covered by a first protection layer made of a first electrically insulative material. A second and supplementing protection layer is provided on top of the first protection layer. The supplementing protection layer (buffer layer) is formed of a material different from that of the first protection layer so as to provide supplemental resistance against corrosive chemical agents and supplemental resistance against formation of cracks.