Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first area and a second area, a first transistor in the first area, a second transistor in the second area, an isolation layer between the first area and the second area, and at least one buried shield structure on the isolation layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for writing an image on electronic paper, the apparatus including a writing head having a plurality of pixel electrodes corresponding to a plurality of pixels forming an image, the writing head applying a voltage to the pixel electrodes according to inputted address signals and data signals; a driver for generating the address and data signals according to an inputted image frame signal and outputting the address and data signals to the writing head; and a controller for generating the image frame signal and outputting the image frame signals to the driver.

Abstract: A radiation structure of a mobile communication terminal having a projector which rapidly dissipates heat generated from the projector and other elements built into the terminal. The mobile communication terminal includes a projector implementing an image-projection function, and a projector cover, which is composed of a heat conductive material such that at least one inner surface thereof is brought into close contact with the projector so as to dissipate heat generated from the projector to the outside of the terminal.

Abstract: A keypad includes a light guide panel, the interior of which light propagates through; at least one key button positioned on the upper surface of the light guide panel; and at least one reflective pattern fixedly positioned with respect to the light guide panel to reflect a part of the light, which propagates through the interior of the light guide panel, towards the key button.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a first lens group having a negative refracting power, a second lens group having a positive refracting power and being aligned closer to an image surface than the first lens group, and a third lens group aligned closer to the image surface than the second lens group. The distance between first and second lens groups is shortened and the distance between second and third lens groups is lengthened as the zoom lens performs zooming action from a wide angle position to a telephoto position.

Abstract: A keypad includes a light guide panel, the interior of which light propagates through; at least one key button positioned on the upper surface of the light guide panel; and at least one reflective pattern fixedly positioned with respect to the light guide panel to reflect a part of the light, which propagates through the interior of the light guide panel, towards the key button.

Abstract: A PID controlling apparatus and method for providing a control value to a control object according to the difference between an output value of the control object and a target value are provided, in which an error calculator outputs an error value between the target value and the output value of the control object, a PID operator calculates a proportional value, an integral value, and a derivative value of the error value, calculates the control value using the proportional value, the integral value, and the derivative value, and outputs the control value to the control object, a first sampler samples the output value of the control object a plurality of times with respect to the target value and outputs a sampled output value, and a controller controls the PID operator to repeat a PID operation and output the control value according to a sampling period of the first sampler.

Abstract: A hand-shake correction apparatus and method for a camera module for typical use in a mobile device. A camera unit includes an angular velocity sensor for sensing an angular velocity of a hand-shake motion of a camera, a position detection sensor for detecting a current position of an image sensor, and an actuator for actuating the image sensor. An Optical Image Stabilizer (OIS) circuit unit controls the actuator using a multi-rate Proportional Integrate Derivative (PID) control scheme that performs control a plurality of times using a shorter control period compared with existing PID controls for a basic period, in which a reference value is updated according to a control reference value by which the image sensor optimally shifts to correct a hand-shake motion.

Abstract: A keypad includes a light guide panel, the interior of which light propagates through, a film positioned on the upper surface of the light guide panel and having at least one key button positioned on the upper surface thereof, and at least one reflective pattern fixedly positioned with respect to the light guide panel to reflect a part of the light, which propagates through the interior of the light guide panel, towards the key button.

Abstract: A keypad assembly for an electronic device is disclosed. The keypad assembly includes a light guide plate through which a light moves, a plurality of first key buttons on the top surface of the light guide plate, a plurality of reflecting patterns on the bottom surface of the light guide plate for reflecting the light moving through the light guide plate toward the first key buttons, protrusions under the reflecting patterns, a plurality of light emitting devices for supplying the light to the light guide plate, and a switch board including a plurality of dome switches and at least one first optical filtering layer whose color is changed into various colors by reacting or not reacting to the wavelengths of lights generated from the light emitting devices is included under each of the first key buttons.

Abstract: A keypad includes a light guide panel, the interior of which light propagates through; at least one key button positioned on the upper surface of the light guide panel; and at least one reflective pattern fixedly positioned with respect to the light guide panel to reflect a part of the light, which propagates through the interior of the light guide panel, towards the key button.

Abstract: A keypad assembly using a waveguide for guiding lights emitted from light emitting devices is disclosed. The keypad assembly includes a switch board having a plurality of dome switches. The keypad also includes a plurality of key buttons; a plurality of light emitting devices included in the switch board; a waveguide formed under the key buttons, the waveguide having a predetermined refractive index to allow lights emitted from the light emitting devices to travel according to an internal total reflection condition; a plurality of reflecting patterns formed in the waveguide to reflect the light traveling through the waveguide toward the key buttons; and an auxiliary layer formed on the surface of the waveguide, the auxiliary layer having lower refractive index than that of the waveguide to make a constant total reflection condition.

Abstract: A keypad includes a light guide panel, the interior of which light propagates through; at least one key button positioned on the upper surface of the light guide panel; and at least one reflective pattern fixedly positioned with respect to the light guide panel to reflect a part of the light, which propagates through the interior of the light guide panel, towards the key button.

Abstract: A keypad includes a light guide panel, the interior of which light propagates through; at least one key button positioned on the upper surface of the light guide panel; and at least one reflective pattern fixedly positioned with respect to the light guide panel to reflect a part of the light, which propagates through the interior of the light guide panel, towards the key button.

Abstract: A keypad assembly for an electronic device is disclosed. The keypad assembly includes a light guide plate through which a light moves, a plurality of first key buttons on the top surface of the light guide plate, a plurality of reflecting patterns on the bottom surface of the light guide plate for reflecting the light moving through the light guide plate toward the first key buttons, protrusions under the reflecting patterns, a plurality of light emitting devices for supplying the light to the light guide plate, and a switch board including a plurality of dome switches and at least one first optical filtering layer whose color is changed into various colors by reacting or not reacting to the wavelengths of lights generated from the light emitting devices is included under each of the first key buttons.

Abstract: A keypad includes a light guide panel, the interior of which light propagates through, a film positioned on the upper surface of the light guide panel and having at least one key button positioned on the upper surface thereof, and at least one reflective pattern fixedly positioned with respect to the light guide panel to reflect a part of the light, which propagates through the interior of the light guide panel, towards the key button.

Abstract: A keypad assembly for a portable terminal according to the present invention includes: a keypad having pad portions with a plurality of key buttons placed thereon, light guide plates disposed between the pad portions, and reflection units disposed on the light guide plates to direct the light toward the key buttons; light sources for providing the light toward the reflection units; a plurality of spacers disposed below the light guide plates for separating the light guide plate from a substrate and for supporting the light guide plates; switches disposed below the pad portions under the key buttons for applying signal to the substrate; and a casing for enclosing the keypad.

Abstract: A semiconductor monolithic integrated optical transmitter including a plurality of active layers formed on a semiconductor substrate is disclosed, which comprises: a distributed feedback laser diode including a grating for reflecting light with a predetermined wavelength and a first active layer for oscillating received light from the grating; an electro-absorption modulator including a second active layer for receiving light from the first active layer, wherein the received light intensity is modulated through a change of absorbency in accordance with an applied voltage; an optical amplifier including a third active layer for amplifying received light from the second active layer; a first optical attenuator between the first active layer and the second active layer; and a second optical attenuator between the second active layer and the third active layer.

Abstract: A bi-directional optical transceiver includes: an optical fiber for transmitting and receiving first and second optical signals; a transmitter module for generating the first optical signal; a receiver module for detecting the second optical signal; a tap filter for splitting a portion of the first optical signal; a monitor module for monitoring the magnitude of the portion of the first optical signal split by the tap filter; and a wavelength selection filter, which is located between the tap filter and the optical fiber, inputs the first optical signal output from the tap filter into the optical fiber, and inputs the second optical signal output from the optical fiber into an optical detector.

Abstract: A keypad assembly for a portable terminal according to the present invention includes: a keypad having pad portions with a plurality of key buttons placed thereon, light guide plates disposed between the pad portions, and reflection units disposed on the light guide plates to direct the light toward the key buttons; light sources for providing the light toward the reflection units; a plurality of spacers disposed below the light guide plates for separating the light guide plate from a substrate and for supporting the light guide plates; switches disposed below the pad portions under the key buttons for applying signal to the substrate; and a casing for enclosing the keypad.