Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for encoding and decoding an image by skip encoding. The image-encoding method by skip encoding, which performs intra-prediction, comprises: performing a filtering operation on the signal which is reconstructed prior to an encoding object signal in an encoding object image; using the filtered reconstructed signal to generate a prediction signal for the encoding object signal; setting the generated prediction signal as a reconstruction signal for the encoding object signal; and not encoding the residual signal which can be generated on the basis of the difference between the encoding object signal and the prediction signal, thereby performing skip encoding on the encoding object signal.

Abstract: A synchronization method performed by a first communication node may include: receiving, from a second communication node of the communication system, a first synchronization information signal including information on a first synchronization reference time and information on a first offset; identifying information on a first time at which the first synchronization information signal is transmitted and information on a target synchronization time configured by the second communication node, based on the information included in the first synchronization information signal; setting a synchronization timer based on the information on the first offset; and when the synchronization timer expires, determining that time synchronization with the second communication node is acquired.

Abstract: Provided is a hair growth-promoting composition comprising: 100 parts by weight of a stem cell culture solution obtained from a culture medium of mesenchymal stem cells which have been subcultured two or more times; 0.001 to 0.1 parts by weight of zinc; 5 to 50 parts by weight of a panthenol based compound; and 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight of a water-soluble vitamin, wherein it is sprayed or applied on the scalp to promote hair growth. Said hair growth-promoting composition may have an excellent effect and improve economical efficiency in treating alopecia due to a simple delivery method of the composition.

Abstract: Provided is a hair growth-promoting composition comprising: 100 parts by weight of a stem cell culture solution obtained from a culture medium of mesenchymal stem cells which have been subcultured two or more times; 0.001 to 0.1 parts by weight of zinc; 5 to 50 parts by weight of a panthenol based compound; and 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight of a water-soluble vitamin, wherein it is sprayed or applied on the scalp to promote hair growth. Said hair growth-promoting composition may have an excellent effect and improve economical efficiency in treating alopecia due to a simple delivery method of the composition.

Abstract: Provided is a hair growth-promoting composition comprising: 100 parts by weight of a stem cell culture solution obtained from a culture medium of mesenchymal stem cells which have been subcultured two or more times; 0.001 to 0.1 parts by weight of zinc; 5 to 50 parts by weight of a panthenol based compound; and 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight of a water-soluble vitamin, wherein it is sprayed or applied on the scalp to promote hair growth. Said hair growth-promoting composition may have an excellent effect and improve economical efficiency in treating alopecia due to a simple delivery method of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method capable of enhancing both the antifouling properties of a high entropy alloy and also the mechanical properties thereof, without using chemical substances such as antifouling paints to prevent the attachment of animals and plants such as barnacles, mussels, sea lettuces, diatoms, etc., the method according to the invention being characterized by the use of severe plastic deformation to reduce the grain size in a high entropy alloy and thereby impart to the high entropy alloy a property of suppressing the attachment of aquatic or marine organisms, and according to the method, environmental issues caused by the use of antifouling paint, which is conventionally the most widely used method, may be resolved, and the energy efficiency of ships may be improved, thereby reducing societal and economic loss.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for public safety communication. A method comprises transmitting a groupcast setup request message to a base station; receiving an uplink grant message including information on groupcast resources in response to the groupcast setup request message from the base station; and transmitting data to be transmitted to receiving terminals belonging to a group to which the transmitting terminal belongs to the base station through the groupcast resources. Therefore, public safety communication can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: Under a wireless communication environment in which nodes sharing a time reference communicate information with a frame having a predetermined structure, when a node that has failed to acquire synchronization, a protocol in which neighboring nodes relays synchronization to the synchronization acquisition failed node by using a preamble defined in the frame is provided.

Abstract: In a mobile wireless network system including a plurality of nodes communicating with each other, a node attempting to transmit data finds useable resources through performing carrier sensing on packet data unit (PDU) slots and transmits data through the found resources. A node attempting to receive data finds useable resource through performing carrier sensing on acknowledge (ACK) slots and receives data through the found resources.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for public safety communication. A method comprises transmitting a groupcast setup request message to a base station; receiving an uplink grant message including information on groupcast resources in response to the groupcast setup request message from the base station; and transmitting data to be transmitted to receiving terminals belonging to a group to which the transmitting terminal belongs to the base station through the groupcast resources. Therefore, public safety communication can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system.

Abstract: In a mobile wireless network system including a plurality of nodes, available resources of a transmitting node and available resources of a receiving node are searched for. Commonly overlapped allocatable resources among available resources of a transmitting node and available resources of a receiving node are searched for, areas corresponding to the calculated allocation resource number according to an allocation condition that is set in the allocatable resource area are selected, and the areas are allocated to the transmitting node or the receiving node.

Abstract: A method for acquiring synchronization between nodes and configuring multiple physical channels in order to improve performance in the ad-hoc/mesh network is disclosed.

Abstract: A node in a wireless network system determines transmission power by performing transmission power control only on a plurality of data subcarriers, other than a plurality of pilot subcarriers, of a PDU slot or ACK slot to be transmitted, and then transmits the data subcarriers of the PDU slot or ACK slot at the determined transmission power and transmits the pilot subcarriers of the PDU slot or ACK slot at a fixed power level. Accordingly, neighboring nodes determine whether or not a channel of the PDU slot or ACK slot is sensed by using the pilot subcarriers of the PDU slot or ACK slot.

Abstract: In a mobile wireless network system including a plurality of nodes communicating with each other, a node attempting to transmit data finds useable resources through performing carrier sensing on packet data unit (PDU) slots and transmits data through the found resources. A node attempting to receive data finds useable resource through performing carrier sensing on acknowledge (ACK) slots and receives data through the found resources.

Abstract: In a mobile wireless network system including a plurality of nodes, available resources of a transmitting node and available resources of a receiving node are searched for. Commonly overlapped allocatable resources among available resources of a transmitting node and available resources of a receiving node are searched for, areas corresponding to the calculated allocation resource number according to an allocation condition that is set in the allocatable resource area are selected, and the areas are allocated to the transmitting node or the receiving node.

Abstract: When an event associated with a mobile station occurs, a relay station requests a base station to allocate a dedicated control channel required for transmitting control information on the mobile station to the base station. Next, when the control information on the mobile station is generated, the relay station transmits the control information to the base station through the dedicated control channel. Accordingly, since the base station allocates the dedicated control channel to the relay station in advance before the control information is generated in the relay station, the relay station can transmit the control information to the base station with a minimum of time delay.

Abstract: Under a wireless communication environment in which nodes sharing a time reference communicate information with a frame having a predetermined structure, when a node that has failed to acquire synchronization, a protocol in which neighboring nodes relays synchronization to the synchronization acquisition failed node by using a preamble defined in the frame is provided.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, when a transmission node has data to be transmitted to a reception node, it checks an acknowledgement slot of the current communication frame and transmits information regarding a reception available acknowledgement slot to the reception node through a request-to-send (RTS) slot in the current communication frame, and the reception node transmits information regarding the data slot available for receiving among at least one data slot corresponding to the reception available acknowledgement slot to the transmission node through a clear-to-send (CTS) slot corresponding to the data request slot in the current communication frame. Thereafter, the transmission node transmits data to the reception node through a reservation data slot of the subsequent communication frame until the message transmission fails or finishes.

Abstract: A base station designates an identification symbol section in each communication frame in order to identify a plurality of transceivers, transmits a predetermined transceiver identification signal through subcarriers granted to the plurality of transceivers by granting a combination of subcarriers to be used in an identification symbol section to each of the plurality of transceivers, generates and stores terminal connection information for each of the plurality of transceivers by receiving information on evaluation of reception quality for the transceiver from the terminal and using the received information, and allocates a communication resource so as to use the subcarrier of the transceiver connected with the terminal for communicating with the terminal.

Abstract: A method for acquiring synchronization between nodes and configuring multiple physical channels in order to improve performance in the ad-hoc/mesh network is disclosed.